SpringBoot實現(xiàn)子類的反序列化示例代碼
目標
在SpringBoot接口中,我們一般用@RequestBody類注解需要反序列化的對象,但是當存在多個子類的情況下,常規(guī)的反序列化不能滿足需求,比如:
我們有一個類Exam用于表示一張試卷:
@Data
public class Exam {
private String name;
private List<Question> questions;
}
這里Question比較特殊,Question本身是一個抽象類,提供了一些通用的方法調(diào)用,實際子類有單選題、多選題、判斷題多種情況

實現(xiàn)
SprintBoot內(nèi)置的序列化是使用的Jackson,查閱文檔后發(fā)現(xiàn)Jackson提供了@JsonTypeInfo和@JsonSubTypes這兩個注解,搭配使用,可以根據(jù)指定的字段值來指定實例化中用到的具體的子類類型
這幾個類的實際代碼如下:
抽象基類Question:
@Data
@JsonTypeInfo(
use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME,
include = JsonTypeInfo.As.EXISTING_PROPERTY,
property = "type",
visible = true)
@JsonSubTypes({
@JsonSubTypes.Type(value = SingleChoiceQuestion.class, name = Question.SINGLE_CHOICE),
@JsonSubTypes.Type(value = MultipleChoiceQuestion.class, name = Question.MULTIPLE_CHOICE),
@JsonSubTypes.Type(value = TrueOrFalseQuestion.class, name = Question.TRUE_OR_FALSE),
})
public abstract class Question {
protected static final String SINGLE_CHOICE = "single_choice";
protected static final String MULTIPLE_CHOICE = "multiple_choice";
protected static final String TRUE_OR_FALSE = "true_or_false";
protected String type;
protected String content;
protected String answer;
protected boolean isCorrect(String answer) {
return this.answer.equals(answer);
}
}
判斷題TrueOrFalseQuestion:
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class TrueOrFalseQuestion extends Question {
public TrueOrFalseQuestion() {
this.type = TRUE_OR_FALSE;
}
}
選擇題ChoiceQuestion:
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public abstract class ChoiceQuestion extends Question {
private List<Option> options;
@Data
public static class Option {
private String code;
private String content;
}
}
單選題SingleChoiceQuestion:
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class SingleChoiceQuestion extends ChoiceQuestion {
public SingleChoiceQuestion() {
this.type = SINGLE_CHOICE;
}
}
多選題MultipleChoiceQuestion:
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class MultipleChoiceQuestion extends ChoiceQuestion {
public MultipleChoiceQuestion() {
this.type = MULTIPLE_CHOICE;
}
@Override
public void setAnswer(String answer) {
this.answer = sortString(answer);
}
@Override
public boolean isCorrect(String answer) {
return this.answer.equals(sortString(answer));
}
private String sortString(String str) {
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(chars);
return String.valueOf(chars);
}
}
測試
接下來測試一下
定義一個接口,我們可以使用@RequestBody傳入一個Exam對象,返回解析結(jié)果:
@RequestMapping(value = "/exam", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public List<String> parseExam(@RequestBody Exam exam) {
List<String> results = new ArrayList<>();
results.add(String.format("Parsed an exam, name = %s", exam.getName()));
results.add(String.format("Exam has %s questions", exam.getQuestions().size()))
List<String> types = new ArrayList<>();
for (Question question : exam.getQuestions()) {
types.add(question.getType());
}
results.add(String.format("Questions types: %s", types.toString()));
return results;
}
項目跑起來,調(diào)用接口測試一下:
curl -X POST \
http://127.0.0.1:8080/exam/ \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"name":"一場考試",
"questions": [
{
"type": "single_choice",
"content": "單選題",
"options": [
{
"code":"A",
"content": "選項A"
},{
"code":"B",
"content": "選項B"
}],
"answer": "A"
},{
"type": "multiple_choice",
"content": "多選題",
"options": [
{
"code":"A",
"content": "選項A"
},{
"code":"B",
"content": "選項B"
}],
"answer": "AB"
},{
"type": "true_or_false",
"content": "判斷題",
"answer": "True"
}]
}'
接口返回如下:
[ "Parsed an exam, name = 一場考試", "Exam has 3 questions", "Questions types: [single_choice, multiple_choice, true_or_false]" ]
這里不同類型的question,type字段都能正確讀取,表明反序列化過程中確實是調(diào)用了具體子類對應(yīng)的類來進行實例化的。
總結(jié)
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