詳解基于Linux的LVM無(wú)縫磁盤(pán)水平擴(kuò)容

更新時(shí)間：2019年06月21日 09:59:56 作者：CandyMi

這篇文章主要介紹了詳解基于Linux的LVM無(wú)縫磁盤(pán)水平擴(kuò)容，文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

環(huán)境

名稱	屬性
CPU	x5650
內(nèi)存	4G
磁盤(pán)	20G+4TB

這時(shí)候，我們假設(shè)服務(wù)器已經(jīng)有如下東西：

安裝好了Parted（yum install parted）
分區(qū)容量已經(jīng)告捷，公司為服務(wù)器增加了一塊4T硬盤(pán)用來(lái)增加容量！
除了/boot分區(qū)外，其余都為L(zhǎng)VM 模式的擴(kuò)展邏輯分區(qū)

軟件安裝與信息查看

首先查看軟件是否安裝：

[root@Candy ~]# rpm -qa | grep lvm
lvm2-libs-2.02.118-2.el6.x86_64
lvm2-2.02.118-2.el6.x86_64
[root@Candy ~]# lv
lvchange   lvextend   lvmdiskscan lvmsar    lvresize
lvconvert  lvm     lvmdump   lvreduce   lvs
lvcreate   lvmchange  lvmetad   lvremove   lvscan
lvdisplay  lvmconf   lvmsadc   lvrename
[root@Candy ~]# rpm -qa | grep parted
parted-2.1-29.el6.x86_64

軟件準(zhǔn)備好后順便查看下 VM 硬件:

[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root
           7.3G 231M 6.7G  4% /
tmpfs         1.9G   0 1.9G  0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       477M  30M 422M  7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home
           3.9G 8.0M 3.7G  1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr
           3.9G 382M 3.3G 11% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var
           3.9G  63M 3.6G  2% /var
[root@Candy ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0006e71c
  Device Boot   Start     End   Blocks  Id System
/dev/sda1  *      1     64   512000  83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2       64    2611  20458496  8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 4398.0 GB, 4398046511104 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 534698 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-root: 8061 MB, 8061452288 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 980 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-var: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_candy-home: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@Candy ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb

這時(shí)候我們看到，Centos 已經(jīng)知道有個(gè)sdb的盤(pán)了，但是沒(méi)掛載與分區(qū)。

使用Parted進(jìn)行擴(kuò)容前的分區(qū)

現(xiàn)在假設(shè)除了/boot 其余分區(qū)都滿了! 我們需要先進(jìn)行分區(qū)，將4T的硬盤(pán)用上(/dev/sdb).

[root@Candy ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel
新的磁盤(pán)標(biāo)簽類(lèi)型？ gpt
(parted) mkpart
分區(qū)名稱？ []?
文件系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型？ [ext2]? ext4
起始點(diǎn)？ 0T
結(jié)束點(diǎn)？ 4T
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4398GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start  End   Size  File system Name 標(biāo)志
 1   1049kB 4398GB 4398GB
(parted)set 1 lvm on
(parted)p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4398GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start  End   Size  File system Name 標(biāo)志
1   1049kB 4398GB 4398GB           lvm
(parted)q
[root@Candy ~]# ls /dev/sd*
/dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1

現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)解釋一下操作：

mklabel將磁盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)換為gpt分區(qū)，因?yàn)镸BR分區(qū)無(wú)法支持TB級(jí)硬盤(pán)（具體請(qǐng)自行查閱，parted當(dāng)然也支持TB級(jí)以下的操作）
mkpart將轉(zhuǎn)換好的gpt磁盤(pán)進(jìn)行分區(qū)，需要提供文件系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型、開(kāi)始點(diǎn)、結(jié)束點(diǎn)。
輸入p 打印出剛才才做后生成的分區(qū)。
set 1 lvm on 是將num為1的分區(qū)，tager設(shè)置為L(zhǎng)VM ，這樣才能添加到vm卷組里

下一步，我們查看我們的LVM組名叫什么:

[root@Candy ~]# vgs
 VG    #PV #LV #SN Attr  VSize VFree
 vg_candy  1  4  0 wz--n- 19.51g  0
 
[root@Candy ~]# vgdisplay
 --- Volume group ---
 VG Name        vg_candy
 System ID
 Format        lvm2
 Metadata Areas    1
 Metadata Sequence No 5
 VG Access       read/write
 VG Status       resizable
 MAX LV        0
 Cur LV        4
 Open LV        4
 Max PV        0
 Cur PV        1
 Act PV        1
 VG Size        19.51 GiB
 PE Size        4.00 MiB
 Total PE       4994
 Alloc PE / Size    4994 / 19.51 GiB
 Free PE / Size    0 / 0
 VG UUID        Gcm5Ml-fc88-Xk5q-xuPC-Kj7Y-alfK-i770Gc
[root@Candy ~]# lvscan
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/usr' [4.00 GiB] inherit
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/var' [4.00 GiB] inherit
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/home' [4.00 GiB] inherit
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/root' [7.51 GiB] inherit
[root@Candy ~]#

知道lvm卷組叫 'vg_candy'了, 我們就使用vgextend來(lái)向lvm 'vg_candy' 卷組添加成員了.

[root@Candy ~]# vgextend vag_candy /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Volume group "vg_candy" successfully extended

現(xiàn)在我們?cè)儆胿gs命令看一下pv個(gè)數(shù):

[root@Candy ~]# vgs
VG    #PV #LV #SN Attr  VSize VFree
vg_candy  2  4  0 wz--n- 4.02t 4.00t

大家對(duì)比未添加時(shí)的vgs是否有看到PV個(gè)數(shù)從1變?yōu)?了！

現(xiàn)在讓我們用vgdisplay看看現(xiàn)在分區(qū)的容量.

[root@Candy ~]# vgdisplay
 --- Volume group ---
 VG Name        vg_candy
 System ID
 Format        lvm2
 Metadata Areas    2
 Metadata Sequence No 6
 VG Access       read/write
 VG Status       resizable
 MAX LV        0
 Cur LV        4
 Open LV        4
 Max PV        0
 Cur PV        2
 Act PV        2
 VG Size        4.02 TiB
 PE Size        4.00 MiB
 Total PE       1053569
 Alloc PE / Size    4994 / 19.51 GiB
 Free PE / Size    1048575 / 4.00 TiB
 VG UUID        Gcm5Ml-fc88-Xk5q-xuPC-Kj7Y-alfK-i770Gc

再次對(duì)比未添加的vgdiplay命令發(fā)現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)reePE 的value 從 0 / 0 變?yōu)?1048575 / 4.00 TiB . 這樣說(shuō)明Candy已經(jīng)成功將4TB的lvm 分區(qū)添加進(jìn)入到vg_candy 邏輯卷組里了。

現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)所有邏輯分區(qū)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)容前，df -h 看看有哪些分區(qū)。

[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem         Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root 7.3G 231M 6.7G  4% /
 tmpfs           1.9G   0 1.9G  0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1         477M  30M 422M  7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home 3.9G 8.0M 3.7G  1% /home         
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr  3.9G 382M 3.3G 11% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var  3.9G  63M 3.6G  2% /var

現(xiàn)在麻煩的事已經(jīng)做完了，接下來(lái)就剩下為分區(qū)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)容了.

為磁盤(pán)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)容

假設(shè)：我們需要向這些分區(qū)都添加500G容量: / 、 /home 、 /usr 、 /var

[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-root
 Size of logical volume vg_candy/root changed from 7.51 GiB (1922 extents) to 507.51 GiB (129922 extents).
 Logical volume root successfully resized
 
[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-home
 Size of logical volume vg_candy/home changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 504.00 GiB (129024 extents).
 Logical volume home successfully resized
 
[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr
 Size of logical volume vg_candy/usr changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 504.00 GiB (129024 extents).
 Logical volume usr successfully resized
 
[root@Candy ~]# lvextend -L +500G /dev/mapper/vg_candy-var
 Size of logical volume vg_candy/var changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 504.00 GiB (129024 extents).
 Logical volume var successfully resized

大家注意，這一步操作時(shí)不可逆的！如果輸入了錯(cuò)誤的分區(qū)名字還好！如果添加到其它分區(qū)了，就得重復(fù)N遍來(lái)縮容，比較麻煩哦！建議大家注仔細(xì)核對(duì)上面的FileSystem. 切記切記....

提示擴(kuò)容成功！讓我們?cè)俅斡蒙鲜雒畈榭碙VM信息:

[root@Candy ~]# vgs
 VG    #PV #LV #SN Attr  VSize VFree
 vg_candy  2  4  0 wz--n- 4.02t 2.05t 
 
[root@Candy ~]# lvscan
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/usr' [504.00 GiB] inherit
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/var' [504.00 GiB] inherit
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/home' [504.00 GiB] inherit
 ACTIVE      '/dev/vg_candy/root' [507.51 GiB] inherit
 
[root@Candy ~]# vgdisplay
 --- Volume group ---
 VG Name        vg_candy
 System ID
 Format        lvm2
 Metadata Areas    2
 Metadata Sequence No 10
 VG Access       read/write
 VG Status       resizable
 MAX LV        0
 Cur LV        4
 Open LV        4
 Max PV        0
 Cur PV        2
 Act PV        2
 VG Size        4.02 TiB
 PE Size        4.00 MiB
 Total PE       1053569
 Alloc PE / Size    516994 / 1.97 TiB
 Free PE / Size    536575 / 2.05 TiB
 VG UUID        Gcm5Ml-fc88-Xk5q-xuPC-Kj7Y-alfK-i770Gc
 
[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem         Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root 7.3G 231M 6.7G  4% /
 tmpfs           1.9G   0 1.9G  0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1         477M  30M 422M  7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home 3.9G 8.0M 3.7G  1% /home         
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr  3.9G 382M 3.3G 11% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var  3.9G  63M 3.6G  2% /var

看到這里大家可能奇怪！為什么df -h 還沒(méi)變呢?

刷新磁盤(pán)信息與寫(xiě)入

我們需要用resize2fs 重設(shè)分區(qū)大小, 這樣才能使df -h 也能生效.

而resize2fs 需要的時(shí)間與你給予的容量線性疊加. 也就是說(shuō)你給的容量越多，resize2fs 的需要的時(shí)間就越多。

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root to 133040128 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-root is now 133040128 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr is mounted on /usr; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr to 132120576 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-usr is now 132120576 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var is mounted on /var; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var to 132120576 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-var is now 132120576 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# resize2fs /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 32
Performing an on-line resize of /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home to 132120576 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev//mapper/vg_candy-home is now 132120576 blocks long.

[root@Candy ~]# df -h
Filesystem          Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-root   500G 245M 474G  1% /
tmpfs             1.9G   0 1.9G  0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1           477M  30M 422M  7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-home   496G  16M 471G  1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-usr   496G 390M 471G  1% /usr
/dev/mapper/vg_candy-var   496G  71M 471G  1% /var

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

順便給大家曬一張重啟后系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)掛載的圖！