Spring+SpringMVC+JDBC實(shí)現(xiàn)登錄的示例(附源碼)

更新時(shí)間：2019年05月26日 11:58:59 作者：L_Wayne

這篇文章主要介紹了Spring+SpringMVC+JDBC實(shí)現(xiàn)登錄的示例代碼，文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

有一位程序員去相親的時(shí)候，非常禮貌得說(shuō)自己是一名程序員，并解釋自己是做底層架構(gòu)的，于是女方聽到"底層"兩個(gè)字，就一臉嫌棄：什么時(shí)候能夠到中高級(jí)？

用久了框架，把原生都忘記了，本章從零開始，熟悉一遍JDBC實(shí)現(xiàn)增刪改查

開發(fā)環(huán)境

jdk 1.8
Maven 3.6
Spring、SpringMVC 4.3.18
dbcp2
jsp
Idea

創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目

創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我們選擇傳統(tǒng)的Maven項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)

創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目時(shí)不要選擇任何模板，直接點(diǎn)Next

填寫包名及項(xiàng)目名Next --> Finish

在main文件夾下創(chuàng)建webapp --> WEB-INF --> web.xml (如下圖)

web.xml內(nèi)容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee 
     http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
     id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  
  <display-name>Demo-JDBC</display-name>

  <!-- 歡迎頁(yè) -->
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

引入jar包，添加Spring、SpringMVC配置

在pom.xml中添加需要用到的jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
     http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.wayne</groupId>
  <artifactId>Demo-JDBC</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <!-- 統(tǒng)一控制jar包版本 -->
  <properties>
    <servlet-version>3.1.0</servlet-version>
    <mysql-version>5.1.38</mysql-version>
    <commons-dbcp2-version>2.1.1</commons-dbcp2-version>
    <dbutil-version>1.6</dbutil-version>
    <spring-version>4.3.18.RELEASE</spring-version>
    <jstl-version>1.2</jstl-version>
  </properties>

  <!-- jar包依賴 -->
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>${servlet-version}</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>${mysql-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
      <version>${commons-dbcp2-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
      <version>${dbutil-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- spring-mvc -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- spring -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>${jstl-version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>Demo-JDBC</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <!-- Tomcat插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <port>80</port>
          <path>/</path>
          <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

      <!-- 編譯插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
          <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <!-- 資源倉(cāng)庫(kù)地址： 阿里云倉(cāng)庫(kù) -->
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>public</id>
      <name>aliyun nexus</name>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
      <releases>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
      </releases>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

  <!-- 插件倉(cāng)庫(kù)下載地址 -->
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>public</id>
      <name>aliyun nexus</name>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
      <releases>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
</project>

在resources下創(chuàng)建spring.xml，并添加一下內(nèi)容

<!-- 自動(dòng)掃描的包 -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="com.wayne">
    <!-- 掃描是忽略的注解 -->
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
  </context:component-scan>

在resources下創(chuàng)建springmvc.xml，并添加一下內(nèi)容

<!-- 開啟自動(dòng)掃描 -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="com.wayne">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
  </context:component-scan>

  <!-- 開啟基于注解的mvc -->
  <mvc:annotation-driven/>

  <!-- 開啟靜態(tài)資源訪問(wèn) -->
  <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

  <!-- 配置視圖解析器 -->
  <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
    <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
  </bean>

此時(shí)項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)如下

配置監(jiān)聽器及中央控制器，在web.xml中添加如下內(nèi)容

<!-- 監(jiān)聽器 -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!-- 字符過(guò)濾器 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 配置中央控制器 -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath*:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

至此，項(xiàng)目基礎(chǔ)配置完成，我們順便將項(xiàng)目所用各包創(chuàng)建完成，稍后介紹各類所起作用，此時(shí)項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)如下

配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接

在resources下的config.properties中聲明我們要訪問(wèn)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_test
jdbc.username=你的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶名
jdbc.password=你的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)密碼

在utils包下的ConnectionManager中配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池

package com.wayne.utils;

import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池
 * @author Wayne
 * @date 2019/5/24
 */
public class ConnectionManager {

  private static BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
  private static String DRIVER;
  private static String URL;
  private static String USERNAME;
  private static String PASSWORD;

  static {
    try {
      // 加載config.properties中配置的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接信息
      Properties prop = new Properties();
    prop.load(ConnectionManager.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties"));
      DRIVER = prop.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
      URL = prop.getProperty("jdbc.url");
      USERNAME = prop.getProperty("jdbc.username");
      PASSWORD = prop.getProperty("jdbc.password");
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    dataSource.setDriverClassName(DRIVER);
    dataSource.setUrl(URL);
    dataSource.setUsername(USERNAME);
    dataSource.setPassword(PASSWORD);
    
    // 配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池參數(shù)
    dataSource.setInitialSize(2);
    dataSource.setMaxIdle(5);
    dataSource.setMinIdle(1);
    dataSource.setMaxWaitMillis(5000);
  }

  public static DataSource getConection() {
    return dataSource;
  }
}

在utils下的DBHelp編寫CRUD工具類

package com.wayne.utils;

import com.wayne.exception.DataAccessException;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;

import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * CRUD工具類
 * @author Wayne
 * @date 2019/5/24
 */
public class DbHelp {

  // 從連接池中獲得連接
  private static QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(ConnectionManager.getConection());

  /**
   * 新增
   * @param sql 待執(zhí)行的SQL
   * @param rsh 結(jié)果集處理方式
   * @param params SQL中的參數(shù)
   * @param <T> 結(jié)果的類的詳情信息
   * @throws DataAccessException SQL執(zhí)行錯(cuò)誤時(shí)拋出的異常
   */
  public static <T> T insert(String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh, Object...params) throws DataAccessException {
    T t = null;
    try {
      t = runner.insert(sql, rsh, params);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new DataAccessException("執(zhí)行: " + sql + "異常");
    }
    return t;
  }

  /**
   * @param sql 待執(zhí)行的SQL
   * @param params 結(jié)果集處理方式
   * @throws DataAccessException SQL執(zhí)行錯(cuò)誤時(shí)拋出的異常
   */
  public static void update(String sql, Object... params) throws DataAccessException {
    try {
      runner.update(sql, params);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new DataAccessException("執(zhí)行: " + sql + "異常");
    }
  }

  /**
   * @param sql 待執(zhí)行的SQL
   * @param rsh 結(jié)果集處理方式
   * @param params SQL中的參數(shù)
   * @param <T> 結(jié)果的類的詳情信息
   * @throws DataAccessException SQL執(zhí)行錯(cuò)誤時(shí)拋出的異常
   */
  public static <T> T query(String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh, Object... params) throws DataAccessException {
    T t = null;
    try {
      t = runner.query(sql, rsh, params);
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new DataAccessException("執(zhí)行: " + sql + "異常");
    }
    return t;
  }
}

在exception包下自定義DataAccessException異常

package com.wayne.exception;

/**
 * 自定義異常類，用于轉(zhuǎn)化sql異常
 * @author Wayne
 * @date 2019/5/24
 */
public class DataAccessException extends RuntimeException {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  public DataAccessException() {

  }

  public DataAccessException(String message) {
    super(message);
  }

  public DataAccessException(Throwable th) {
    super(th);
  }

  public DataAccessException(String message, Throwable th) {
    super(message, th);
  }
}

至此，工具類配置完成，可以開始寫頁(yè)面和接口了，我們順帶將登錄頁(yè)一并創(chuàng)建，此時(shí)項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)如下

業(yè)務(wù)代碼

此時(shí)就可以開始寫我們的登錄流程了，文末會(huì)放出完整代碼，此處就不再展示，只講邏輯；

因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)趙eb.xml中配置了index.jsp為歡迎頁(yè)，所以當(dāng)我們?cè)L問(wèn)localhost:(端口號(hào))時(shí)，會(huì)自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)到我們的index.jsp；

此種項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)，WEB-INF包及其子包下的所有內(nèi)容，是無(wú)法通過(guò)前端直接訪問(wèn)到的，所以我們?cè)趇ndex.jsp做了一個(gè)向后臺(tái)請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)作，請(qǐng)求接口為 /user/login.html ,此接口通過(guò)請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，訪問(wèn)到login.jsp；