C語言單鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)方法詳解
更新時(shí)間:2018年04月30日 13:37:52 作者:Tom文星
這篇文章主要介紹了C語言單鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,結(jié)合實(shí)例形式分析了基于C語言的單鏈表定義、創(chuàng)建、添加、刪除、排序、打印等操作技巧,并附帶了相關(guān)的優(yōu)化算法,需要的朋友可以參考下
本文實(shí)例講述了C語言單鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
slist.h
#ifndef __SLIST_H__
#define __SLIST_H__
#include<cstdio>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<assert.h>
typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct Node { //定義單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)信息
ElemType data; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)域
struct Node *next; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的指針域
}Node,*PNode;
typedef struct List { //定義單鏈表的鏈表信息
PNode first; //first指向單鏈表中的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
PNode last; //last指向單鏈表中的最后一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
size_t size; //記錄單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)
}List;
void InitList(List *list);//初始化單鏈表
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的末尾插入元素
void push_front(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的頭部插入元素
void show_list(List *list);//打印單鏈表
void pop_back(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的最后一個(gè)元素
void pop_front(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的第一個(gè)元素
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType val);//將數(shù)據(jù)元素插入到單鏈表中(要求此時(shí)單鏈表中的數(shù)據(jù)元素順序排列)
Node* find(List *list, ElemType x);//查找單鏈表中數(shù)據(jù)值為x的結(jié)點(diǎn)
int length(List *list);//求單鏈表的長度
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x);//按值刪除單鏈表中的某個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)元素
void sort(List *list);//對單鏈表進(jìn)行排序
void reverse(List *list);//逆置單鏈表
void clear(List *list);//清除單鏈表
void destroy(List *list);//摧毀單鏈表
#endif //__SLIST_H__
slist.cpp
#include"slist.h"
void InitList(List *list) {
list->first = list->last = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); //頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
assert(list->first != NULL);
list->first->next = NULL;
list->size = 0;
}
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
s->data = x;
s->next = NULL;
//step 2:將新結(jié)點(diǎn)插入單鏈表的表尾
list->last->next = s;
list->last = s;
//step 3:更新單鏈表的長度
list->size++;
}
void push_front(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
s->data = x;
s->next = NULL;
//step 2:將新結(jié)點(diǎn)插入單鏈表的表頭
s->next = list->first->next;
list->first->next = s;
//step 3:判斷插入的結(jié)點(diǎn)是否是單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn),若是更新鏈表的尾指針
if (list->size == 0)
list->last = s;
//step 4:更新單鏈表的長度
list->size++;
}
void show_list(List *list) {
//step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
//step 2:循環(huán)打印結(jié)點(diǎn)的信息
while (p != NULL) {
printf("%d->", p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("Nul.\n");
}
void pop_back(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始
while (p->next != list->last)
p = p->next;
//step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)
free(list->last);
list->last = p;
list->last->next = NULL;
//step 4:更新單鏈表的長度
list->size--;
}
void pop_front(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
//step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
//step 4:判斷刪除的結(jié)點(diǎn)是否是單鏈表的最后一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針
if (list->size == 1)
list->last = list->first;
//step 4:更新單鏈表的長度
list->size--;
}
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
s->data = x;
s->next = NULL;
//step 2:定義指針p使其指向待插入位置的前一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始
while (p->next != NULL && p->next->data < s->data)
p = p->next;
//step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)的待插入位置是否是表尾,若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針
if (p->next == NULL)
list->last = s;
//step 4:插入結(jié)點(diǎn)
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
//step 5:更新單鏈表長度
list->size++;
}
Node* find(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
//step 2:按照循環(huán)順序查找鏈表結(jié)點(diǎn)
while (p != NULL && p->data != x)
p = p->next;
return p;
}
int length(List *list) {
return list->size;
}
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:確定結(jié)點(diǎn)在單鏈表中的位置,并判斷其是否存在于單鏈表中
Node *p = find(list, x);
if (p == NULL) {
printf("要刪除的數(shù)據(jù)不存在!\n");
return;
}
//step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)位置是否是表尾
if (p == list->last)//是表尾
pop_back(list);
else {//不是表尾
Node *q = p->next;
p->data = q->data;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
list->size--;
}
}
void sort(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1
if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return;
//step 2:將單鏈表中第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,方便重新按順序插入鏈表之中
Node *s = list->first->next; // 指針s指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = s->next;//q指向s后面的結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->last = s;//單鏈表的尾指針指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->last->next = NULL;//截?cái)噫湵?
//step 3:將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)其數(shù)據(jù)域大小重新插入到原來鏈表中
while (p != NULL) {
s = p;
p = p->next;
Node *q = list->first;
while (q->next != NULL && q->next->data < s->data)
q = q->next;
if (q->next == NULL)//判斷q此時(shí)指向的是否是單鏈表的最后一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新鏈表的尾指針
list->last = s;
//將結(jié)點(diǎn)重新插入鏈表
s->next = q->next;
q->next = s;
}
}
void reverse(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1
if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return;
//step 2:將單鏈表中第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,然后將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)按頭插法重新插入到原鏈表中
Node *p = list->first->next;
Node *q = p->next;
list->last = p;
list->last->next = NULL;
while (q != NULL) {
p = q;
q = q->next;
p->next = list->first->next;
list->first->next = p;
}
}
void clear(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:釋放單鏈表中的每一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
while (p != NULL) {
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
p = list->first->next;
}
//step 3:頭指針和尾指針重新都指向頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->last = list->first;
//step 4:更新鏈表長度
list->size = 0;
}
void destroy(List *list) {
//step 1:清空單鏈表
clear(list);
//step 2:釋放頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
free(list->first);
//step 3:頭指針和尾指針都賦值為空
list->first = list->last = NULL;
}
main.cpp
#include"slist.h"
void main() {
List mylist;
InitList(&mylist);
ElemType item;
Node *p = NULL;
int select = 1;
while (select) {
printf("*******************************************\n");
printf("*[1] push_back [2] push_front *\n");
printf("*[3] show_list [4] pop_back *\n");
printf("*[5] pop_front [6] insert_val *\n");
printf("*[7] find [8] length *\n");
printf("*[9] delete_val [10] sort *\n");
printf("*[11] reverse [12] clear *\n");
printf("*[13*] destroy [0] quit_system *\n");
printf("*******************************************\n");
printf("請選擇:>>");
scanf("%d", &select);
if (select == 0) break;
switch (select) {
case 1:
printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>");
while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) {
push_back(&mylist, item);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>");
while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) {
push_front(&mylist, item);
}
break;
case 3:
show_list(&mylist);
break;
case 4:
pop_back(&mylist);
break;
case 5:
pop_front(&mylist);
break;
case 6:
printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù):>");
scanf("%d", &item);
insert_val(&mylist, item);
break;
case 7:
printf("請輸入要查找的數(shù)據(jù):>");
scanf("%d", &item);
p = find(&mylist, item);
if (p == NULL)
printf("要查找的數(shù)據(jù)在單鏈表中不存在!\n");
break;
case 8:
printf("單鏈表的長度為%d\n", length(&mylist));
break;
case 9:
printf("請輸入要刪除的值:>");
scanf("%d", &item);
delete_val(&mylist, item);
break;
case 10:
sort(&mylist);
break;
case 11:
reverse(&mylist);
break;
case 12:
clear(&mylist);
break;
//case 13:
//destroy(&mylist);
//break;
default:
printf("選擇錯(cuò)誤,請重新選擇!\n");
break;
}
}
destroy(&mylist); //程序結(jié)束,摧毀鏈表
}
附:單鏈表優(yōu)化版本
slist.h
#ifndef __SLIST_H__
#define __SLIST_H__
#include<cstdio>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<assert.h>
typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct Node { //定義單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)信息
ElemType data; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)域
struct Node *next; //結(jié)點(diǎn)的指針域
}Node,*PNode;
typedef struct List { //定義單鏈表的鏈表信息
PNode first; //first指向單鏈表中的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
PNode last; //last指向單鏈表中的最后一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
size_t size; //記錄單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)
}List;
void InitList(List *list);//初始化單鏈表
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的末尾插入元素
void push_front(List *list, ElemType x);//在單鏈表的頭部插入元素
void show_list(List *list);//打印單鏈表
void pop_back(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的最后一個(gè)元素
void pop_front(List *list);//刪除單鏈表的第一個(gè)元素
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType val);//將數(shù)據(jù)元素插入到單鏈表中(要求此時(shí)單鏈表中的數(shù)據(jù)元素順序排列)
Node* find(List *list, ElemType x);//查找單鏈表中數(shù)據(jù)值為x的結(jié)點(diǎn)
int length(List *list);//求單鏈表的長度
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x);//按值刪除單鏈表中的某個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)元素
void sort(List *list);//對單鏈表進(jìn)行排序
void reverse(List *list);//逆置單鏈表
void clear(List *list);//清除單鏈表
void destroy(List *list);//摧毀單鏈表
//代碼優(yōu)化
Node* CreateNode(ElemType x); //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)單鏈表結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node* begin(List *list); //返回單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node* end(List *list); //返回單鏈表中最后一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)的下一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
void insert(List *list, Node *pos, ElemType x); //在單鏈表的特定位置(pos)插入新的結(jié)點(diǎn)
#endif //__SLIST_H__
slist.cpp
#include"slist.h"
void InitList(List *list) {
list->first = list->last = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node)); //頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
assert(list->first != NULL);
list->first->next = NULL;
list->size = 0;
}
//push_back的優(yōu)化
void push_back(List *list, ElemType x) {
insert(list, end(list), x);
}
//push_front的優(yōu)化
void push_front(List *list, ElemType x) {
insert(list, begin(list), x);
}
void show_list(List *list) {
//step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
//step 2:循環(huán)打印結(jié)點(diǎn)的信息
while (p != NULL) {
printf("%d->", p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("Nul.\n");
}
void pop_back(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始
while (p->next != list->last)
p = p->next;
//step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)
free(list->last);
list->last = p;
list->last->next = NULL;
//step 4:更新單鏈表的長度
list->size--;
}
void pop_front(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:定義指針p使其指向目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)的前一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
//step 3:刪除目標(biāo)結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
//step 4:判斷刪除的結(jié)點(diǎn)是否是單鏈表的最后一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針
if (list->size == 1)
list->last = list->first;
//step 4:更新單鏈表的長度
list->size--;
}
//insert_val的優(yōu)化
void insert_val(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *s = CreateNode(x);
//step 2:定義指針p使其指向待插入位置的前一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first;//從頭結(jié)點(diǎn)開始
while (p->next != NULL && p->next->data < s->data)
p = p->next;
//step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)的待插入位置是否是表尾,若是則更新單鏈表的尾指針
if (p->next == NULL)
list->last = s;
//step 4:插入結(jié)點(diǎn)
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
//step 5:更新單鏈表長度
list->size++;
}
Node* find(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:指針p指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
//step 2:按照循環(huán)順序查找鏈表結(jié)點(diǎn)
while (p != NULL && p->data != x)
p = p->next;
return p;
}
int length(List *list) {
return list->size;
}
void delete_val(List *list, ElemType x) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:確定結(jié)點(diǎn)在單鏈表中的位置,并判斷其是否存在于單鏈表中
Node *p = find(list, x);
if (p == NULL) {
printf("要刪除的數(shù)據(jù)不存在!\n");
return;
}
//step 3:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)位置是否是表尾
if (p == list->last)//是表尾
pop_back(list);
else {//不是表尾
Node *q = p->next;
p->data = q->data;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
list->size--;
}
}
void sort(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1
if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return;
//step 2:將單鏈表中第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,方便重新按順序插入鏈表之中
Node *s = list->first->next; // 指針s指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = s->next;//q指向s后面的結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->last = s;//單鏈表的尾指針指向單鏈表的第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->last->next = NULL;//截?cái)噫湵?
//step 3:將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)其數(shù)據(jù)域大小重新插入到原來鏈表中
while (p != NULL) {
s = p;
p = p->next;
Node *q = list->first;
while (q->next != NULL && q->next->data < s->data)
q = q->next;
if (q->next == NULL)//判斷q此時(shí)指向的是否是單鏈表的最后一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn),若是則更新鏈表的尾指針
list->last = s;
//將結(jié)點(diǎn)重新插入鏈表
s->next = q->next;
q->next = s;
}
}
void reverse(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)是否為0或1
if (list->size == 0 || list->size == 1) return;
//step 2:將單鏈表中第一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)之后的鏈表部分截出,然后將截出的鏈表中的結(jié)點(diǎn)按頭插法重新插入到原鏈表中
Node *p = list->first->next;
Node *q = p->next;
list->last = p;
list->last->next = NULL;
while (q != NULL) {
p = q;
q = q->next;
p->next = list->first->next;
list->first->next = p;
}
}
void clear(List *list) {
//step 1:判斷單鏈表是否為空
if (list->size == 0) return;
//step 2:釋放單鏈表中的每一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *p = list->first->next;
while (p != NULL) {
list->first->next = p->next;
free(p);
p = list->first->next;
}
//step 3:頭指針和尾指針重新都指向頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
list->last = list->first;
//step 4:更新鏈表長度
list->size = 0;
}
void destroy(List *list) {
//step 1:清空單鏈表
clear(list);
//step 2:釋放頭結(jié)點(diǎn)
free(list->first);
//step 3:頭指針和尾指針都賦值為空
list->first = list->last = NULL;
}
//優(yōu)化
Node* CreateNode(ElemType x) {
Node *s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
assert(s != NULL);
s->data = x;
s->next = NULL;
return s;
}
Node* begin(List *list) {
return list->first->next;
}
Node* end(List *list) {
return list->last->next;
}
void insert(List *list, Node *pos, ElemType x) {
//step 1:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的結(jié)點(diǎn)
Node *s = CreateNode(x);
//step 2:確定帶插入位置
Node *p = list->first;
while (p->next != pos)
p = p->next;
//step 3:插入結(jié)點(diǎn)
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
//step 4:判斷結(jié)點(diǎn)是否插入到鏈表的表尾,若是則更新單鏈表的表尾指針
if (pos == NULL)
list->last = s;
//step 5:更新單鏈表長度
list->size++;
}
main.cpp
#include"slist.h"
void main() {
List mylist;
InitList(&mylist);
ElemType item;
Node *p = NULL;
int select = 1;
while (select) {
printf("*******************************************\n");
printf("*[1] push_back [2] push_front *\n");
printf("*[3] show_list [4] pop_back *\n");
printf("*[5] pop_front [6] insert_val *\n");
printf("*[7] find [8] length *\n");
printf("*[9] delete_val [10] sort *\n");
printf("*[11] reverse [12] clear *\n");
printf("*[13*] destroy [0] quit_system *\n");
printf("*******************************************\n");
printf("請選擇:>>");
scanf("%d", &select);
if (select == 0) break;
switch (select) {
case 1:
printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>");
while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) {
push_back(&mylist, item);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù)(-1結(jié)束):>");
while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1) {
push_front(&mylist, item);
}
break;
case 3:
show_list(&mylist);
break;
case 4:
pop_back(&mylist);
break;
case 5:
pop_front(&mylist);
break;
case 6:
printf("請輸入要插入的數(shù)據(jù):>");
scanf("%d", &item);
insert_val(&mylist, item);
break;
case 7:
printf("請輸入要查找的數(shù)據(jù):>");
scanf("%d", &item);
p = find(&mylist, item);
if (p == NULL)
printf("要查找的數(shù)據(jù)在單鏈表中不存在!\n");
break;
case 8:
printf("單鏈表的長度為%d\n", length(&mylist));
break;
case 9:
printf("請輸入要刪除的值:>");
scanf("%d", &item);
delete_val(&mylist, item);
break;
case 10:
sort(&mylist);
break;
case 11:
reverse(&mylist);
break;
case 12:
clear(&mylist);
break;
//case 13:
//destroy(&mylist);
//break;
default:
printf("選擇錯(cuò)誤,請重新選擇!\n");
break;
}
}
destroy(&mylist); //程序結(jié)束,摧毀鏈表
}
希望本文所述對大家C語言程序設(shè)計(jì)有所幫助。
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