Spring MVC學習筆記之Controller查找(基于Spring4.0.3)
0 摘要
本文從源碼層面簡單講解SpringMVC的處理器映射環(huán)節(jié),也就是查找Controller詳細過程
1 SpringMVC請求流程

Controller查找在上圖中對應(yīng)的步驟1至2的過程

SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖
2 SpringMVC初始化過程
2.1 先認識兩個類
1.RequestMappingInfo
封裝RequestMapping注解
包含HTTP請求頭的相關(guān)信息
一個實例對應(yīng)一個RequestMapping注解
2.HandlerMethod
封裝Controller的處理請求方法
包含該方法所屬的bean對象、該方法對應(yīng)的method對象、該方法的參數(shù)等

RequestMappingHandlerMapping的繼承關(guān)系
在SpringMVC初始化的時候
首先執(zhí)行RequestMappingHandlerMapping的afterPropertiesSet
然后進入AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的afterPropertiesSet
這個方法會進入該類的initHandlerMethods
負責從applicationContext中掃描beans,然后從bean中查找并注冊處理器方法
//Scan beans in the ApplicationContext, detect and register handler methods.
protected void initHandlerMethods() {
...
//獲取applicationContext中所有的bean name
String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts ?
BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
//遍歷beanName數(shù)組
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
//isHandler會根據(jù)bean來判斷bean定義中是否帶有Controller注解或RequestMapping注解
if (isHandler(getApplicationContext().getType(beanName))){
detectHandlerMethods(beanName);
}
}
handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());
}

RequestMappingHandlerMapping#isHandler
上圖方法即判斷當前bean定義是否帶有Controlller注解或RequestMapping注解
如果只有RequestMapping生效嗎?不會的!
因為這種情況下Spring初始化的時候不會把該類注冊為Spring bean,遍歷beanNames時不會遍歷到這個類,所以這里把Controller換成Compoent也可以,不過一般不這么做
當確定bean為handler后,便會從該bean中查找出具體的handler方法(即Controller類下的具體定義的請求處理方法),查找代碼如下
/**
* Look for handler methods in a handler
* @param handler the bean name of a handler or a handler instance
*/
protected void detectHandlerMethods(final Object handler) {
//獲取當前Controller bean的class對象
Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String) ?
getApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass();
//避免重復調(diào)用 getMappingForMethod 來重建 RequestMappingInfo 實例
final Map<Method, T> mappings = new IdentityHashMap<Method, T>();
//同上,也是該Controller bean的class對象
final Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
//獲取當前bean的所有handler method
//根據(jù) method 定義是否帶有 RequestMapping
//若有則創(chuàng)建RequestMappingInfo實例
Set<Method> methods = HandlerMethodSelector.selectMethods(userType, new MethodFilter() {
@Override
public boolean matches(Method method) {
T mapping = getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
if (mapping != null) {
mappings.put(method, mapping);
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
});
//遍歷并注冊當前bean的所有handler method
for (Method method : methods) {
//注冊handler method,進入以下方法
registerHandlerMethod(handler, method, mappings.get(method));
}
以上代碼有兩個地方有調(diào)用了getMappingForMethod
使用方法和類型級別RequestMapping注解來創(chuàng)建RequestMappingInfo
@Override
protected RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class<?> handlerType) {
RequestMappingInfo info = null;
//獲取method的@RequestMapping
RequestMapping methodAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, RequestMapping.class);
if (methodAnnotation != null) {
RequestCondition<?> methodCondition = getCustomMethodCondition(method);
info = createRequestMappingInfo(methodAnnotation, methodCondition);
//獲取method所屬bean的@RequtestMapping注解
RequestMapping typeAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(handlerType, RequestMapping.class);
if (typeAnnotation != null) {
RequestCondition<?> typeCondition = getCustomTypeCondition(handlerType);
//合并兩個@RequestMapping注解
info = createRequestMappingInfo(typeAnnotation, typeCondition).combine(info);
}
}
return info;
}
這個方法的作用就是根據(jù)handler method方法創(chuàng)建RequestMappingInfo對象。首先判斷該mehtod是否含有RequestMpping注解。如果有則直接根據(jù)該注解的內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建RequestMappingInfo對象。創(chuàng)建以后判斷當前method所屬的bean是否也含有RequestMapping注解。如果含有該注解則會根據(jù)該類上的注解創(chuàng)建一個RequestMappingInfo對象。然后在合并method上的RequestMappingInfo對象,最后返回合并后的對象?,F(xiàn)在回過去看detectHandlerMethods方法,有兩處調(diào)用了getMappingForMethod方法,個人覺得這里是可以優(yōu)化的,在第一處判斷method時否為handler時,創(chuàng)建的RequestMappingInfo對象可以保存起來,直接拿來后面使用,就少了一次創(chuàng)建RequestMappingInfo對象的過程。然后緊接著進入registerHandlerMehtod方法,如下
protected void registerHandlerMethod(Object handler, Method method, T mapping) {
//創(chuàng)建HandlerMethod
HandlerMethod newHandlerMethod = createHandlerMethod(handler, method);
HandlerMethod oldHandlerMethod = handlerMethods.get(mapping);
//檢查配置是否存在歧義性
if (oldHandlerMethod != null && !oldHandlerMethod.equals(newHandlerMethod)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Ambiguous mapping found. Cannot map '" + newHandlerMethod.getBean()
+ "' bean method \n" + newHandlerMethod + "\nto " + mapping + ": There is already '"
+ oldHandlerMethod.getBean() + "' bean method\n" + oldHandlerMethod + " mapped.");
}
this.handlerMethods.put(mapping, newHandlerMethod);
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Mapped \"" + mapping + "\" onto " + newHandlerMethod);
}
//獲取@RequestMapping注解的value,然后添加value->RequestMappingInfo映射記錄至urlMap中
Set<String> patterns = getMappingPathPatterns(mapping);
for (String pattern : patterns) {
if (!getPathMatcher().isPattern(pattern)) {
this.urlMap.add(pattern, mapping);
}
}
}
這里T的類型是RequestMappingInfo。這個對象就是封裝的具體Controller下的方法的RequestMapping注解的相關(guān)信息。一個RequestMapping注解對應(yīng)一個RequestMappingInfo對象。HandlerMethod和RequestMappingInfo類似,是對Controlelr下具體處理方法的封裝。先看方法的第一行,根據(jù)handler和mehthod創(chuàng)建HandlerMethod對象。第二行通過handlerMethods map來獲取當前mapping對應(yīng)的HandlerMethod。然后判斷是否存在相同的RequestMapping配置。如下這種配置就會導致此處拋
Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Ambiguous mapping found. Cannot map...
異常
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/AmbiguousTest")
public class AmbiguousTestController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1")
@ResponseBody
public String test1(){
return "method test1";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1")
@ResponseBody
public String test2(){
return "method test2";
}
}
在SpingMVC啟動(初始化)階段檢查RequestMapping配置是否有歧義,這是其中一處檢查歧義的(后面還會提到一個在運行時檢查歧義性的地方)。然后確認配置正常以后會把該RequestMappingInfo和HandlerMethod對象添加至handlerMethods(LinkedHashMap)中,靜接著把RequestMapping注解的value和ReuqestMappingInfo對象添加至urlMap中。
registerHandlerMethod方法簡單總結(jié)
該方法的主要有3個職責
1. 檢查RequestMapping注解配置是否有歧義。
2. 構(gòu)建RequestMappingInfo到HandlerMethod的映射map。該map便是AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的成員變量handlerMethods。LinkedHashMap。
3. 構(gòu)建AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的成員變量urlMap,MultiValueMap。這個數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可以把它理解成Map>。其中String類型的key存放的是處理方法上RequestMapping注解的value。就是具體的uri
先有如下Controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/UrlMap")
public class UrlMapController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public String test1(){
return "method test1";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1")
@ResponseBody
public String test2(){
return "method test2";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test3")
@ResponseBody
public String test3(){
return "method test3";
}
}
初始化完成后,對應(yīng)AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的urlMap的結(jié)構(gòu)如下

以上便是SpringMVC初始化的主要過程
查找過程
為了理解查找流程,帶著一個問題來看,現(xiàn)有如下Controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/LookupTest")
public class LookupTestController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public String test1(){
return "method test1";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1", headers = "Referer=https://www.baidu.com")
@ResponseBody
public String test2(){
return "method test2";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1", params = "id=1")
@ResponseBody
public String test3(){
return "method test3";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/*")
@ResponseBody
public String test4(){
return "method test4";
}
}
有如下請求

這個請求會進入哪一個方法?
web容器(Tomcat、jetty)接收請求后,交給DispatcherServlet處理。FrameworkServlet調(diào)用對應(yīng)請求方法(eg:get調(diào)用doGet),然后調(diào)用processRequest方法。進入processRequest方法后,一系列處理后,在line:936進入doService方法。然后在Line856進入doDispatch方法。在line:896獲取當前請求的處理器handler。然后進入AbstractHandlerMethodMapping的lookupHandlerMethod方法。代碼如下
protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<Match>();
//根據(jù)uri獲取直接匹配的RequestMappingInfos
List<T> directPathMatches = this.urlMap.get(lookupPath);
if (directPathMatches != null) {
addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
}
//不存在直接匹配的RequetMappingInfo,遍歷所有RequestMappingInfo
if (matches.isEmpty()) {
// No choice but to go through all mappings
addMatchingMappings(this.handlerMethods.keySet(), matches, request);
}
//獲取最佳匹配的RequestMappingInfo對應(yīng)的HandlerMethod
if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
Collections.sort(matches, comparator);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Found " + matches.size() + " matching mapping(s) for [" + lookupPath + "] : " + matches);
}
//再一次檢查配置的歧義性
Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
if (matches.size() > 1) {
Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Ambiguous handler methods mapped for HTTP path '" + request.getRequestURL() + "': {" +
m1 + ", " + m2 + "}");
}
}
handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
return bestMatch.handlerMethod;
}
else {
return handleNoMatch(handlerMethods.keySet(), lookupPath, request);
}
}
進入lookupHandlerMethod方法,其中l(wèi)ookupPath="/LookupTest/test1",根據(jù)lookupPath,也就是請求的uri。直接查找urlMap,獲取直接匹配的RequestMappingInfo list。這里會匹配到3個RequestMappingInfo。如下

然后進入addMatchingMappings方法
private void addMatchingMappings(Collection<T> mappings, List<Match> matches, HttpServletRequest request) {
for (T mapping : mappings) {
T match = getMatchingMapping(mapping, request);
if (match != null) {
matches.add(new Match(match, handlerMethods.get(mapping)));
}
}
}
這個方法的職責是遍歷當前請求的uri和mappings中的RequestMappingInfo能否匹配上,如果能匹配上,創(chuàng)建一個相同的RequestMappingInfo對象。再獲取RequestMappingInfo對應(yīng)的handlerMethod。然后創(chuàng)建一個Match對象添加至matches list中。執(zhí)行完addMatchingMappings方法,回到lookupHandlerMethod。這時候matches還有3個能匹配上的RequestMappingInfo對象。接下來的處理便是對matchers列表進行排序,然后獲取列表的第一個元素作為最佳匹配。返回Match的HandlerMethod。這里進入RequestMappingInfo的compareTo方法,看一下具體的排序邏輯。代碼如下
public int compareTo(RequestMappingInfo other, HttpServletRequest request) {
int result = patternsCondition.compareTo(other.getPatternsCondition(), request);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
result = paramsCondition.compareTo(other.getParamsCondition(), request);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
result = headersCondition.compareTo(other.getHeadersCondition(), request);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
result = consumesCondition.compareTo(other.getConsumesCondition(), request);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
result = producesCondition.compareTo(other.getProducesCondition(), request);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
result = methodsCondition.compareTo(other.getMethodsCondition(), request);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
result = customConditionHolder.compareTo(other.customConditionHolder, request);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
return 0;
}
代碼里可以看出,匹配的先后順序是value>params>headers>consumes>produces>methods>custom,看到這里,前面的問題就能輕易得出答案了。在value相同的情況,params更能先匹配。所以那個請求會進入test3()方法。再回到lookupHandlerMethod,在找到HandlerMethod。SpringMVC還會這里再一次檢查配置的歧義性,這里檢查的原理是通過比較匹配度最高的兩個RequestMappingInfo進行比較。此處可能會有疑問在初始化SpringMVC有檢查配置的歧義性,這里為什么還會檢查一次。假如現(xiàn)在Controller中有如下兩個方法,以下配置是能通過初始化歧義性檢查的。
@RequestMapping(value = "/test5", method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST})
@ResponseBody
public String test5(){
return "method test5";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test5", method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.DELETE})
@ResponseBody
public String test6(){
return "method test6";
}
現(xiàn)在執(zhí)行 http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-Demo/LookupTest/test5 請求,便會在lookupHandlerMethod方法中拋
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Ambiguous handler methods mapped for HTTP path 'http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-Demo/LookupTest/test5'異常。這里拋該異常是因為RequestMethodsRequestCondition的compareTo方法是比較的method數(shù)。代碼如下
public int compareTo(RequestMethodsRequestCondition other, HttpServletRequest request) {
return other.methods.size() - this.methods.size();
}
什么時候匹配通配符?當通過urlMap獲取不到直接匹配value的RequestMappingInfo時才會走通配符匹配進入addMatchingMappings方法。
總結(jié)
以上就是這篇文章的全部內(nèi)容了,希望本文的內(nèi)容對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,如果有疑問大家可以留言交流,謝謝大家對腳本之家的支持。
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