//pthread_self直接返回調(diào)用線程的ID
include <pthread.h>
pthread_t pthread_self(void);

//pthread_equal如果t1和t2所指定的線程ID相同，返回0；否則返回非0值。
include <pthread.h>
int pthread_equal(pthread_t t1, pthread_t t2);

#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr, 
void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);

thread(輸出參數(shù))，由pthread_create在線程創(chuàng)建成功后返回的線程句柄，該句柄在后續(xù)操作線程的API中用于標(biāo)志該新建的線程； 
start_routine(輸入?yún)?shù))，新建線程的入口函數(shù)； 
arg(輸入?yún)?shù))，傳遞給新線程入口函數(shù)的參數(shù)； 
attr(輸入?yún)?shù))，指定新建線程的屬性，如線程棧大小等；如果值為NULL，表示使用系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)屬性。

成功，返回0； 
失敗，返回相關(guān)錯(cuò)誤碼。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void printids(const char *s){
 pid_t pid;
 pthread_t tid;
 pid = getpid();
 tid = pthread_self();
 printf("%s, pid %lu tid %lu (0x%lx)\n",s,(unsigned long)pid,(unsigned long)tid,
 (unsigned long)tid);
}

void *thread_func(void *arg){
 printids("new thread: ");
 return ((void*)0);
}
int main() {
 int err;
 pthread_t tid;
 err = pthread_create(&tid,NULL,thread_func,NULL);
 if (err != 0) {
  fprintf(stderr,"create thread fail.\n");
 exit(-1); 
 }
 printids("main thread:");
 sleep(1); 
 return 0;
}

gcc -o thread thread.c -lpthread

main thread:, pid 889 tid 139846854309696 (0x7f30a212f740)
new thread: , pid 889 tid 139846845961984 (0x7f30a1939700)

include <pthread.h>
void pthread_exit(void *retval);

include <pthread.h>
int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);

thread(輸入?yún)?shù))，指定我們希望等待的線程 
retval(輸出參數(shù))，我們等待的線程終止時(shí)的返回值，就是在線程入口函數(shù)中return的值或者調(diào)用pthread_exit函數(shù)的參數(shù)

成功時(shí)，返回0 
錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，返回正數(shù)錯(cuò)誤碼

#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_detach(pthread_t thread);

/*
* 文件名： thread_sample1.c
* 描述：演示線程基本操作
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

/*子線程1入口函數(shù)*/
void *thread_routine1(void *arg)
{
 fprintf(stdout, "thread1: hello world!\n");
 sleep(1);
 /*子線程1在此退出*/
 return NULL;
}

/*子線程2入口函數(shù)*/
void *thread_routine2(void *arg)
{

 fprintf(stdout, "thread2: I'm running...\n");
 pthread_t main_thread = (pthread_t)arg;

 /*分離自我，不能再被連接*/
 pthread_detach(pthread_self());

 /*判斷主線程ID與子線程2ID是否相等*/
 if (!pthread_equal(main_thread, pthread_self())) {
  fprintf(stdout, "thread2: main thread id is not equal thread2\n");
 }

 /*等待主線程終止*/
 pthread_join(main_thread, NULL);
 fprintf(stdout, "thread2: main thread exit!\n");

 fprintf(stdout, "thread2: exit!\n");
 fprintf(stdout, "thread2: process exit!\n");
 /*子線程2在此終止，進(jìn)程退出*/
 pthread_exit(NULL);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

 /*創(chuàng)建子線程1*/
 pthread_t t1;
 if (pthread_create(&t1, NULL, thread_routine1, NULL)!=0) {
  fprintf(stderr, "create thread fail.\n");
  exit(-1);
 }
 /*等待子線程1終止*/
 pthread_join(t1, NULL);
 fprintf(stdout, "main thread: thread1 terminated!\n\n");

 /*創(chuàng)建子線程2，并將主線程ID傳遞給子線程2*/
 pthread_t t2;
 if (pthread_create(&t2, NULL, thread_routine2, (void *)pthread_self())!=0) {
  fprintf(stderr, "create thread fail.\n");
  exit(-1);
 }

 fprintf(stdout, "main thread: sleeping...\n");
 sleep(3);
 /*主線程使用pthread_exit函數(shù)終止，進(jìn)程繼續(xù)存在*/
 fprintf(stdout, "main thread: exit!\n");
 pthread_exit(NULL); 

 fprintf(stdout, "main thread: never reach here!\n");
 return 0;
}

thread1: hello world!
main thread: thread1 terminated!

main thread: sleeping...
thread2: I'm running...
thread2: main thread id is not equal thread2
main thread: exit!
thread2: main thread exit!
thread2: exit!
thread2: process exit!