public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
	synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
		//刷新之前的準備工作，包括設置啟動時間，是否激活標識位，初始化屬性源(property source)配置
		prepareRefresh();
		//由子類去刷新BeanFactory(如果還沒創(chuàng)建則創(chuàng)建)，并將BeanFactory返回
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
		//準備BeanFactory以供ApplicationContext使用
		prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
		try {
			//子類可通過格式此方法來對BeanFactory進行修改
			postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
			//實例化并調用所有注冊的BeanFactoryPostProcessor對象
			invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
			//實例化并調用所有注冊的BeanPostProcessor對象
			registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
			//初始化MessageSource
			initMessageSource();
			//初始化事件廣播器
			initApplicationEventMulticaster();
			//子類覆蓋此方法在刷新過程做額外工作
			onRefresh();
			//注冊應用監(jiān)聽器ApplicationListener
			registerListeners();
			//實例化所有non-lazy-init bean
			finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
			//刷新完成工作，包括初始化LifecycleProcessor，發(fā)布刷新完成事件等
			finishRefresh();
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
			destroyBeans();
			// Reset 'active' flag.
			cancelRefresh(ex);
			// Propagate exception to caller.
			throw ex;
		}
	}
}

protected void finishRefresh() {
	// //初始化LifecycleProcessor
	initLifecycleProcessor();
	// Propagate refresh to lifecycle processor first.
	getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh();
	// Publish the final event.
	publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));
	// Participate in LiveBeansView MBean, if active.
	LiveBeansView.registerApplicationContext(this);
}

protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
  refreshBeanFactory();//刷新BeanFactory,如果beanFactory為null，則創(chuàng)建
  ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
  if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
    logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
  }
  return beanFactory;
}

@Override
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
  if (hasBeanFactory()) {//如果beanFactory已經不為null，則銷毀beanFactory中的Bean后自行關閉
    destroyBeans();
    closeBeanFactory();
  }
  try {
    DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();//創(chuàng)建beanFactory
    beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
    customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
    synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
      this.beanFactory = beanFactory;//對beanFactory成員進行賦值
    }
  }
  catch (IOException ex) {
    throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
  }
}

protected void initApplicationEventMulticaster() {
  ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
  if (beanFactory.containsLocalBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)) {
    this.applicationEventMulticaster =
        beanFactory.getBean(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, ApplicationEventMulticaster.class);
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      logger.debug("Using ApplicationEventMulticaster [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
    }
  }
  else {
    this.applicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster(beanFactory);
    beanFactory.registerSingleton(APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME, this.applicationEventMulticaster);
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
      logger.debug("Unable to locate ApplicationEventMulticaster with name '" +
          APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME +
          "': using default [" + this.applicationEventMulticaster + "]");
    }
  }
}

1. public static void main(String[] args) {
  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
  applicationContext.setConfigLocation("application-context.xml");
  applicationContext.start();
  applicationContext.close();
}
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
  ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
  applicationContext.setConfigLocation("application-context.xml");
  applicationContext.getBean("xtayfjpk");
  applicationContext.close();
}
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
  GenericApplicationContext parent = new GenericApplicationContext();
  AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
  context.setParent(parent);
  context.refresh();
  context.start();
  context.close();
}

public void start() {
  getLifecycleProcessor().start();
  publishEvent(new ContextStartedEvent(this));
}

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, ApplicationContext parent) throws BeansException {
  super(parent);
  setConfigLocations(configLocations);
  if (refresh) {//refresh傳遞值為true，這樣就自動調用了refresh方法進行了刷新
    refresh();
  }
}

@Override
public final ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory() {
  synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
    if (this.beanFactory == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - " +
          "call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext");
    }
    return this.beanFactory;
  }
}

public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
  Assert.notNull(event, "Event must not be null");
  if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
    logger.trace("Publishing event in " + getDisplayName() + ": " + event);
  }
  getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(event);
  if (this.parent != null) {
    this.parent.publishEvent(event);
  }
}

private ApplicationEventMulticaster getApplicationEventMulticaster() throws IllegalStateException {
  if (this.applicationEventMulticaster == null) {//如果為null則拋異常
    throw new IllegalStateException("ApplicationEventMulticaster not initialized - " +
        "call 'refresh' before multicasting events via the context: " + this);
  }
  return this.applicationEventMulticaster;
}