Mac中Python 3環(huán)境下安裝scrapy的方法教程
更新時(shí)間：2017年10月26日 08:34:21 作者：Oneruofeng
作為一名python爬蟲(chóng)愛(ài)好者,怎能不折騰下Scrapy？折騰了許久之后終于安裝到了mac中，所以下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于Mac系統(tǒng)中Python 3環(huán)境下安裝scrapy的相關(guān)資料，文中將實(shí)現(xiàn)的步驟一步步介紹的非常詳細(xì)，需要的朋友可以參考下。
前言
最近抽空想學(xué)習(xí)一下python的爬蟲(chóng)框架scrapy，在mac下安裝的時(shí)候遇到了問(wèn)題，逐一解決了問(wèn)題，分享一下，話(huà)不多說(shuō)了，來(lái)一起看看詳細(xì)的介紹吧。
步驟如下：
1. 從官網(wǎng) 下載最新版本Python 3.6.3（本地快速下載安裝：http://www.dhdzp.com/softs/583651.html）
# 在Mac上Python3環(huán)境下安裝scrapy
2. 安裝 Python3
在終端輸入python3出現(xiàn)下面的內(nèi)容表示安裝成功
➜ ~ python3 Python 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed86e0, Oct 3 2017, 00:32:08) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>
輸入quit()退出編輯模式
3. 輸入 pip install scrapy 執(zhí)行 scrapy 安裝
➜ ~ pip install Scrapy Collecting Scrapy Using cached Scrapy-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting lxml (from Scrapy) Using cached lxml-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl Collecting PyDispatcher>=2.0.5 (from Scrapy) Using cached PyDispatcher-2.0.5.tar.gz Collecting Twisted>=13.1.0 (from Scrapy) Using cached Twisted-17.9.0.tar.bz2 Requirement already satisfied: pyOpenSSL in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Scrapy) Collecting queuelib (from Scrapy) Using cached queuelib-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cssselect>=0.9 (from Scrapy) Using cached cssselect-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting parsel>=1.1 (from Scrapy) Using cached parsel-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting service-identity (from Scrapy) Using cached service_identity-17.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting six>=1.5.2 (from Scrapy) Using cached six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting w3lib>=1.17.0 (from Scrapy) Using cached w3lib-1.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Collecting constantly>=15.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached constantly-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting incremental>=16.10.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached incremental-17.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Automat>=0.3.0 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached Automat-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting hyperlink>=17.1.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Using cached hyperlink-17.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pyasn1 (from service-identity->Scrapy) Using cached pyasn1-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pyasn1-modules (from service-identity->Scrapy) Using cached pyasn1_modules-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting attrs (from service-identity->Scrapy) Using cached attrs-17.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=13.1.0->Scrapy) Installing collected packages: lxml, PyDispatcher, constantly, incremental, six, attrs, Automat, hyperlink, Twisted, queuelib, cssselect, w3lib, parsel, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, service-identity, Scrapy Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run prefix=options.prefix_path, File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install **kwargs File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files isolated=self.isolated, File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files clobber(source, lib_dir, True) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 316, in clobber ensure_dir(destdir) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir os.makedirs(path) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs mkdir(name, mode) OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/lxml'
出現(xiàn) OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/lxml' 錯(cuò)誤
4. 嘗試重新安裝lxml,執(zhí)行 sudo pip install lxml
➜ ~ sudo pip install lxml The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting lxml Downloading lxml-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (8.7MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.7MB 97kB/s Installing collected packages: lxml Successfully installed lxml-4.1.0 ➜ ~ sudo pip install scrapy The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting scrapy Downloading Scrapy-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (248kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 256kB 1.5MB/s Requirement already satisfied: lxml in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from scrapy) Collecting PyDispatcher>=2.0.5 (from scrapy) Downloading PyDispatcher-2.0.5.tar.gz Collecting Twisted>=13.1.0 (from scrapy) Downloading Twisted-17.9.0.tar.bz2 (3.0MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.0MB 371kB/s Requirement already satisfied: pyOpenSSL in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from scrapy) Collecting queuelib (from scrapy) Downloading queuelib-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cssselect>=0.9 (from scrapy) Downloading cssselect-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting parsel>=1.1 (from scrapy) Downloading parsel-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting service-identity (from scrapy) Downloading service_identity-17.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting six>=1.5.2 (from scrapy) Downloading six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting w3lib>=1.17.0 (from scrapy) Downloading w3lib-1.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Collecting constantly>=15.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading constantly-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting incremental>=16.10.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading incremental-17.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Automat>=0.3.0 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading Automat-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting hyperlink>=17.1.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading hyperlink-17.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (73kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 1.4MB/s Collecting pyasn1 (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 2.8MB/s Collecting pyasn1-modules (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.5MB/s Collecting attrs (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading attrs-17.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Installing collected packages: PyDispatcher, constantly, incremental, six, attrs, Automat, hyperlink, Twisted, queuelib, cssselect, w3lib, parsel, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, service-identity, scrapy Running setup.py install for PyDispatcher ... done Found existing installation: six 1.4.1 DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project. Uninstalling six-1.4.1: Successfully uninstalled six-1.4.1 Running setup.py install for Twisted ... done Successfully installed Automat-0.6.0 PyDispatcher-2.0.5 Twisted-17.9.0 attrs-17.2.0 constantly-15.1.0 cssselect-1.0.1 hyperlink-17.3.1 incremental-17.5.0 parsel-1.2.0 pyasn1-0.3.7 pyasn1-modules-0.1.5 queuelib-1.4.2 scrapy-1.4.0 service-identity-17.0.0 six-1.11.0 w3lib-1.18.0
成功安裝lxml-4.1.0
5. 再次嘗試安裝scrapy，執(zhí)行 sudo pip install scrapy
➜ ~ sudo pip install scrapy The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting scrapy Downloading Scrapy-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (248kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 256kB 1.5MB/s Requirement already satisfied: lxml in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from scrapy) Collecting PyDispatcher>=2.0.5 (from scrapy) Downloading PyDispatcher-2.0.5.tar.gz Collecting Twisted>=13.1.0 (from scrapy) Downloading Twisted-17.9.0.tar.bz2 (3.0MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.0MB 371kB/s Requirement already satisfied: pyOpenSSL in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from scrapy) Collecting queuelib (from scrapy) Downloading queuelib-1.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cssselect>=0.9 (from scrapy) Downloading cssselect-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting parsel>=1.1 (from scrapy) Downloading parsel-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting service-identity (from scrapy) Downloading service_identity-17.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting six>=1.5.2 (from scrapy) Downloading six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting w3lib>=1.17.0 (from scrapy) Downloading w3lib-1.18.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: zope.interface>=3.6.0 in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Collecting constantly>=15.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading constantly-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting incremental>=16.10.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading incremental-17.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Automat>=0.3.0 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading Automat-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting hyperlink>=17.1.1 (from Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Downloading hyperlink-17.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (73kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 1.4MB/s Collecting pyasn1 (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1-0.3.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 2.8MB/s Collecting pyasn1-modules (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading pyasn1_modules-0.1.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.5MB/s Collecting attrs (from service-identity->scrapy) Downloading attrs-17.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python (from zope.interface>=3.6.0->Twisted>=13.1.0->scrapy) Installing collected packages: PyDispatcher, constantly, incremental, six, attrs, Automat, hyperlink, Twisted, queuelib, cssselect, w3lib, parsel, pyasn1, pyasn1-modules, service-identity, scrapy Running setup.py install for PyDispatcher ... done Found existing installation: six 1.4.1 DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project. Uninstalling six-1.4.1: Successfully uninstalled six-1.4.1 Running setup.py install for Twisted ... done Successfully installed Automat-0.6.0 PyDispatcher-2.0.5 Twisted-17.9.0 attrs-17.2.0 constantly-15.1.0 cssselect-1.0.1 hyperlink-17.3.1 incremental-17.5.0 parsel-1.2.0 pyasn1-0.3.7 pyasn1-modules-0.1.5 queuelib-1.4.2 scrapy-1.4.0 service-identity-17.0.0 six-1.11.0 w3lib-1.18.0
6. 執(zhí)行 scrapy 出現(xiàn)下面錯(cuò)誤
➜ ~ scrapy Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/bin/scrapy", line 7, in <module> from scrapy.cmdline import execute File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 9, in <module> from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/scrapy/crawler.py", line 7, in <module> from twisted.internet import reactor, defer File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/reactor.py", line 38, in <module> from twisted.internet import default File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/default.py", line 56, in <module> install = _getInstallFunction(platform) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/default.py", line 50, in _getInstallFunction from twisted.internet.selectreactor import install File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/selectreactor.py", line 18, in <module> from twisted.internet import posixbase File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/posixbase.py", line 18, in <module> from twisted.internet import error, udp, tcp File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/tcp.py", line 28, in <module> from twisted.internet._newtls import ( File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_newtls.py", line 21, in <module> from twisted.protocols.tls import TLSMemoryBIOFactory, TLSMemoryBIOProtocol File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/protocols/tls.py", line 63, in <module> from twisted.internet._sslverify import _setAcceptableProtocols File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py", line 38, in <module> TLSVersion.TLSv1_1: SSL.OP_NO_TLSv1_1, AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'OP_NO_TLSv1_1'
需要更新 OpenSSL 庫(kù)，執(zhí)行 sudo pip install --upgrade pyopenssl
➜ ~ sudo pip install --upgrade pyopenssl Password: The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/Users/wangruofeng/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting pyopenssl Downloading pyOpenSSL-17.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (51kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 132kB/s Requirement already up-to-date: six>=1.5.2 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from pyopenssl) Collecting cryptography>=1.9 (from pyopenssl) Downloading cryptography-2.1.1-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl (1.5MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 938kB/s Collecting cffi>=1.7; platform_python_implementation != "PyPy" (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading cffi-1.11.2-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.whl (238kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 245kB 2.2MB/s Collecting enum34; python_version < "3" (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading enum34-1.1.6-py2-none-any.whl Collecting idna>=2.1 (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading idna-2.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 3.1MB/s Collecting asn1crypto>=0.21.0 (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading asn1crypto-0.23.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (99kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 2.7MB/s Collecting ipaddress; python_version < "3" (from cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading ipaddress-1.0.18-py2-none-any.whl Collecting pycparser (from cffi>=1.7; platform_python_implementation != "PyPy"->cryptography>=1.9->pyopenssl) Downloading pycparser-2.18.tar.gz (245kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 256kB 3.6MB/s Installing collected packages: pycparser, cffi, enum34, idna, asn1crypto, ipaddress, cryptography, pyopenssl Running setup.py install for pycparser ... done Found existing installation: pyOpenSSL 0.13.1 DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (pyopenssl) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project. Uninstalling pyOpenSSL-0.13.1: Successfully uninstalled pyOpenSSL-0.13.1 Successfully installed asn1crypto-0.23.0 cffi-1.11.2 cryptography-2.1.1 enum34-1.1.6 idna-2.6 ipaddress-1.0.18 pycparser-2.18 pyopenssl-17.3.0
更新 OpenSSL 成功，再次嘗試執(zhí)行 scrapy
➜ ~ scrapy Scrapy 1.4.0 - no active project Usage: scrapy <command> [options] [args] Available commands: bench Run quick benchmark test fetch Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader genspider Generate new spider using pre-defined templates runspider Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project) settings Get settings values shell Interactive scraping console startproject Create new project version Print Scrapy version view Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy [ more ] More commands available when run from project directory Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command
出現(xiàn)上面內(nèi)容，表明安裝成功?，F(xiàn)在可以通過(guò) scrapy 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)爬蟲(chóng)項(xiàng)目了
7. 進(jìn)入到你項(xiàng)目的目錄,執(zhí)行 scrapy startproject firstscrapy創(chuàng)建 firstscrapy 爬蟲(chóng)項(xiàng)目
➜ PycharmProjects scrapy startproject firstscrapy New Scrapy project 'firstscrapy', using template directory '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/scrapy/templates/project', created in: /Users/wangruofeng/PycharmProjects/firstscrapy You can start your first spider with: cd firstscrapy scrapy genspider example example.com ➜ PycharmProjects
出現(xiàn)上面內(nèi)容表明項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建成功，但是使用的是2.7版本的Python怎么切換到3.6版本呢？
8. 使用 PyCharm IDE 打開(kāi)剛才的項(xiàng)目，執(zhí)行 command + , 打開(kāi)偏好設(shè)置菜單，在Project里面選擇 Projiect interpreter 來(lái)切換你需要依賴(lài)的Python庫(kù)的版本，配置結(jié)束。
總結(jié)
以上就是這篇文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，如果有疑問(wèn)大家可以留言交流，謝謝大家對(duì)腳本之家的支持。
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