Python之自動獲取公網(wǎng)IP的實(shí)例講解

更新時(shí)間：2017年10月01日 08:46:19 作者：王李

下面小編就為大家?guī)硪黄狿ython之自動獲取公網(wǎng)IP的實(shí)例講解。小編覺得挺不錯(cuò)的，現(xiàn)在就分享給大家，也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

0.預(yù)備知識

0.1 SQL基礎(chǔ)

ubuntu、Debian系列安裝：

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# apt-get install mysql-server

Redhat、Centos 系列安裝：

 [root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server

登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ mysql -uroot -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 36
Server version: 10.0.30-MariaDB-0+deb8u2 (Raspbian)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

其中，mysql是客戶端命令 -u是指定用戶 -p是密碼 -h是主機(jī)

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫語法如下

MariaDB [(none)]> help create database
Name: 'CREATE DATABASE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
 [create_specification] ...

create_specification:
 [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
 | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

CREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this
statement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database. CREATE
SCHEMA is a synonym for CREATE DATABASE.

URL: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/create-database/


MariaDB [(none)]>

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表語法如下

MariaDB [(none)]> help create table
Name: 'CREATE TABLE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
 (create_definition,...)
 [table_options]
 [partition_options]

Or:

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
 [(create_definition,...)]
 [table_options]
 [partition_options]
 select_statement

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫ServiceLogs

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE `ServiceLogs`

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE TABLE `python_ip_logs` (
 `serial_number` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
 `old_data` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
 `new_data` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`serial_number`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

表內(nèi)容的查詢

 MariaDB [ServiceLogs]> select * from python_ip_logs;
 Empty set (0.00 sec)

0.2 python連接操作MySQL

模塊下載安裝

下載路徑: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python

安裝:

安裝:
解壓
unzip MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
進(jìn)入解壓后目錄
cd MySQL-python-1.2.5/
安裝依賴
apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
安裝
python setup.py install
如果為0則安裝OK
echo $?

連接Mysql

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat p_mysql_3.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python

import MySQLdb

try :
  conn = MySQLdb.connect("主機(jī)","用戶名","密碼","ServiceLogs")
  print ("Connect Mysql successful")
except:
  print ("Connect MySQL Fail")
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

如果輸出Connect Mysql successful則說明連接OK

Python MySQL insert語句

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat p_mysql1.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python

import MySQLdb

db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","root","ServiceLogs")

cursor = db.cursor()

sql = "insert INTO python_ip_logs VALUES (DEFAULT,'2017-09-29 22:46:00','123','456')"

cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()

db.close()
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

執(zhí)行完成后可以mysql客戶端SELECT語句查看結(jié)果

1.需求

1.1 需求

由于寬帶每次重啟都會重新獲得一個(gè)新的IP，那么在這種狀態(tài)下，在進(jìn)行ssh連接的時(shí)候會出現(xiàn)諸多的不便，好在之前還有花生殼軟件，它能夠通過域名來找到你的IP地址，進(jìn)行訪問，這樣是最好的，不過最近花生殼也要進(jìn)行實(shí)名認(rèn)證才能夠使用，于是乎，這就催發(fā)了我寫一個(gè)python腳本來獲取公網(wǎng)IP的沖動。

實(shí)現(xiàn)效果:當(dāng)IP變更時(shí)，能夠通過郵件進(jìn)行通知，且在數(shù)據(jù)庫中寫入數(shù)據(jù)

1.2 大致思路

1.3 流程圖

其他代碼均沒有什么好畫的

2.代碼編寫

2.1.1 編寫python代碼

getnetworkip.py

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat getnetworkip.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:UTF-8

import requests
import send_mail
import savedb

def get_out_ip() :
  url = r'http://www.trackip.net/'
  r = requests.get(url)
  txt = r.text
  ip = txt[txt.find('title')+6:txt.find('/title')-1]
  return (ip)

def main() :
  try:
    savedb.general_files()

    tip = get_out_ip()
    cip = savedb.read_files()


    if savedb.write_files(cip,tip) :
      send_mail.SamMail(get_out_ip())
  except :
    return False

if __name__=="__main__" :
  main()
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

savedb.py

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat savedb.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

import MySQLdb
import os
import time

dirname = "logs"
filename = "logs/.ip_tmp"

def general_files(Default_String="Null") :

  var1 = Default_String

  if not os.path.exists(dirname) :
    os.makedirs(dirname)

  if not os.path.exists(filename) :
    f = open(filename,'w')
    f.write(var1)
    f.close()

def read_files() :
  f = open(filename,'r')
  txt = f.readline()
  return (txt)

def write_files(txt,new_ip) :
  if not txt == new_ip :
    NowTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
    old_ip = read_files()
    os.remove(filename)
    general_files(new_ip)
    write_db(NowTime,old_ip,new_ip)
    return True
  else:
    return False


def write_db(NowTime,Old_ip,New_ip) :
  db = MySQLdb.connect("主機(jī)","用戶名","密碼","庫名")

  cursor = db.cursor()

  sql = """
    INSERT INTO python_ip_logs 
    VALUES
    (DEFAULT,"%s","%s","%s")
  """ %(NowTime,Old_ip,New_ip)

  try:
    cursor.execute(sql)
    db.commit()
  except:
    db.rollback()

  db.close()
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script#

send_mail.py

root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# cat send_mail.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

import smtplib
import email.mime.text

def SamMail(HtmlString) :
 HOST = "smtp.163.com"
 SUBJECT = "主題"
 TO = "對方的郵箱地址"
 FROM = "來自于哪里"
 Remask = "The IP address has been changed"

 msg = email.mime.text.MIMEText("""
  <html>
    <head>
      <meta charset="utf-8" />
    </head>
    <body>
      <em><h1>ip:%s</h1></em>
    </body>
  </html>
  """ %(HtmlString),"html","utf-8")

 msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
 msg['From'] = FROM
 msg['TO'] = TO

 try:
  server = smtplib.SMTP()
  server.connect(HOST,'25')
  server.starttls()
  server.login("用戶名","密碼")
  server.sendmail(FROM,TO,msg.as_string())
  server.quit()
 except:
  print ("Send mail Error")
root@raspberrypi:~/python-script# 
 print ("%s" %(line),end='')

3.效果

收到的郵件如下: