AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導航菜單的實現(xiàn)代碼
更新時間：2017年08月16日 11:18:23 作者：灰暗角落里的琴
將介紹如何用AngularJS構建一個強大的web前端系統(tǒng)。文章介紹如何實現(xiàn)多限級導航菜單。本文圖文并茂給大家介紹的非常詳細，感興趣的朋友參考下吧
將介紹如何用AngularJS構建一個強大的web前端系統(tǒng)。angularjs是由Google團隊開發(fā)的一款非常優(yōu)秀web前端框架。在當前如此多的web框架下，AngularJS能脫穎而出，從架構設計上就高人一等，雙向數(shù)據(jù)綁定，依賴注入，指令，MVC，模板。Angular.js創(chuàng)新地把后臺技術融入前端開發(fā)，掃去jQuery一度的光芒。用angularjs就像寫后臺代碼，更規(guī)范，更結構化，更可控。
本文將介紹如何實現(xiàn)多限級導航菜單。
目錄
1.靜態(tài)多級菜單實現(xiàn)
2.動態(tài)多級菜單實現(xiàn)
1. 靜態(tài)多級菜單實現(xiàn)
要實現(xiàn)多級菜單，我們要分兩步走，第一步就是把靜態(tài)菜單的功能實現(xiàn)，通過純靜態(tài)的HTML代碼完成。第二步，通過Angluarjs進行動態(tài)實現(xiàn)，最后把數(shù)據(jù)和程序分離，通過Ajax加載多級菜單數(shù)據(jù)。
我們先從靜態(tài)多級菜單開始動手，一個六級導航菜單是什么樣子呢？
如上圖所示，我們定義一些功能需求。
1級菜單是導航條上的文字。
當1級菜單導航事件被觸發(fā)，顯示2級菜單導航，在1級菜單的正下方顯示。
當2級菜單導航事件被觸發(fā)，顯示3級菜單導航，在2級菜單的右方顯示。
當3級菜單導航事件被觸發(fā)，顯示4級菜單導航，在3級菜單的右方顯示。
以此類推，不考慮下級菜單顯示出界問題。
繼續(xù)上文中的項目環(huán)境，增加一個新HTML文件: page3.html
~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page3.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>多級導航菜單</title>
<meta name="description" content="多級導航菜單">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="fragment" content="!" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page2">
<div class="container">
<div class="row" ng-controller="NavbarCtrl">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >多級菜單導航</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Multi Level <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 1</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More options</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 3</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 3</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 4</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 4</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown-submenu"> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >More..</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 5</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 5</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 2</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Level 1</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
新建一個css文件：main.css
~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\css\main.css
.dropdown:hover .menu-top {
display: block;
}
.dropdown-submenu{
position:relative;
}
.dropdown-submenu > .dropdown-menu{
top:0;
left:100%;
margin-top:-6px;
margin-left:-1px;
-webkit-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
border-radius:0 6px 6px 6px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > .dropdown-menu{
display:block;
}
.dropdown-submenu > a:after{
display:block;
content:" ";
float:right;
width:0;
height:0;
border-color:transparent;
border-style:solid;
border-width:5px 0 5px 5px;
border-left-color:#cccccc;
margin-top:5px;
margin-right:-10px;
}
.dropdown-submenu:hover > a:after{
border-left-color:#ffffff;
}
.dropdown-submenu .pull-left{
float:none;
}
.dropdown-submenu.pull-left > .dropdown-menu{
left:-100%;
margin-left:10px;
-webkit-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
-moz-border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
border-radius:6px 0 6px 6px;
}
刷新一下網頁，我們能就看到上面的截圖的效果，代碼參考：http://firdaus.grandexa.com/2013/09/twitter-bootstrap-3-multilevel-dropdown-menu/
通過HTML和CSS就實現(xiàn)了多級菜單的靜態(tài)展示效果，如果導航菜單不是經常變化，那么用靜態(tài)的方式，把代碼寫死就可以了。但有一些場景，菜單是需要動態(tài)生成，比如通過權限控制訪問鏈接，每個用戶的權限不一樣，那么能看到的菜單選項也就不一樣，這個時候就需要做成動態(tài)的，用程序去控制菜單的加載和展示。
2. 動態(tài)多級菜單實現(xiàn)
有了靜態(tài)多級導航菜單的HTML代碼結構，改寫成動態(tài)的，其實也不太復雜。
我們需要做2件事：
把導航菜單的數(shù)據(jù)結構化存儲，比如 存放到文件 nav.json。
用Angularjs的API加載nav.json數(shù)據(jù)，進行展示。
我們先定義一下導航菜單的數(shù)據(jù)格式，以JSON格式定義，每個菜單項都有3個屬性字段
label: 導航菜單項顯示的名字。
link: 導航菜單項的跳轉鏈接，可以不定義。
children: 導航菜單項的子菜單，循環(huán)對象存儲。
{
"label": "levelA",
"link": "#",
"children": [
{
"label": "levelB",
"link": "#",
"children": []
}
]
}
下面我們用真實的數(shù)據(jù)定義導航菜單，以我的金融系統(tǒng)為例。
新建JSON數(shù)據(jù)文件：nav.json。
~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\js\nav.json
[
{
"label": "債券",
"children": [
{
"label": "可轉債",
"children": [
{"label": "可轉債溢價率分析","link":"#"},
{"label": "可轉債NS定價","link":"#"},
{"label": "可轉債歸因分析","link":"#"},
{"label": "可轉債套利實時監(jiān)控","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "信用債",
"children": [
{"label": "交易所債券監(jiān)控","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "利率債","link":"#",
"children": []
},
{
"label": "國債期貨",
"children": [
{"label": "國債期貨表現(xiàn)分析","link":"#"},
{"label": "國債期貨實時套利監(jiān)控","link":"#"},
{"label": "IRR歷史時間序列查詢","link":"#"},
{"label": "IRR實時監(jiān)控","link":"#"}
]
}
]
},
{
"label": "股票",
"children": [
{
"label": "基本面分析",
"children": [
{"label": "上市公司基本面數(shù)據(jù)查看","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "量化選股策略",
"children": []
}
]
},
{
"label": "宏觀",
"children": [
{
"label": "宏觀數(shù)據(jù)",
"children": [
{"label": "宏觀數(shù)據(jù)概覽","link":"#"}
]
},
{
"label": "宏觀經濟預測",
"children": []
},
{
"label": "宏觀經濟和大類資產表現(xiàn)",
"children": []
}
]
}
]
我們看到這個導航菜單的數(shù)據(jù)，有3級，“債券–>可轉債–>可轉債歸因分析”，那么接下我們就直接實現(xiàn)對三級菜單的編程。創(chuàng)建HTML文件page4.html。
~ vi D:\workspace\javascript\angular-navbar\page4.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>多級動態(tài)導航菜單</title>
<meta name="description" content="多級動態(tài)導航菜單">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="fragment" content="!" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body ng-app="page4">
<div class="container">
<div class="row" ng-controller="NavbarCtrl">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="/" rel="external nofollow" >量化投資平臺</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li ng-repeat="a1 in navbar" class="dropdown">
<a href="?{{ a1.label }}" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">{{ a1.label }} <b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu menu-top">
<li ng-repeat="a2 in a1.children" class="dropdown-submenu">
<a tabindex="-1" href="?{{ a2.label }}" rel="external nofollow" >{{ a2.label }}</a>
<ul ng-show="a2.children.length>0" class="dropdown-menu">
<li ng-repeat="a3 in a2.children">
<a href="?{{ a3.label }}" rel="external nofollow" ng-click="go(a3.link)">{{ a3.label }}</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-route/angular-route.min.js"></script>
<script src="/bower_components/angular-bootstrap/ui-bootstrap-tpls.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/app.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
在Angularjs的控制器文件app.js文件中，增加page4的定義。
var page4 = angular.module('page4', ['ui.bootstrap', 'ngRoute']);
page4.config(['$routeProvider', '$locationProvider', '$sceProvider', function ($routeProvider, $locationProvider, $sceProvider) {
$routeProvider
.when('/', {controller: 'DemoCtrl'})
.otherwise({redirectTo: '/'});
$locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
}]);
page4.controller('NavbarCtrl', function ($scope,$http,$location) {
$http.get("/js/nav.json").success(function(json){
$scope.navbar = json;
});
});
page4.controller('DemoCtrl', function () {
// nothing
});
查看一下顯示效果，與上面的截圖類似。
文章到這里就結束了，已經實現(xiàn)了我的功能需求。但這個話題還有很多可以優(yōu)化的地方，比如實現(xiàn)無限級的導航菜單，菜單的展示樣式替換，展示區(qū)間的控制，鼠標動作事件，封裝成Angularjs的插件開源項目等。有興趣的同學，可以我的程序的基礎上繼續(xù)努力，做出優(yōu)秀的開源項目來。
代碼已上傳到github：https://github.com/bsspirit/angular-navbar，同學可以根據(jù)需要自行下載，也可以直接通過命令下載代碼。
git clone https://github.com/bsspirit/angular-navbar.git cd angular-navbar bower install anywhere
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的AngularJS+Bootstrap3多級導航菜單的實現(xiàn)代碼，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對腳本之家網站的支持！
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