# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#!/usr/bin/python3

>>> list.__dict__
2 mappingproxy({'__repr__': <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'list' objects>, '__hash__': None, '__getattribute__': <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'list' objects>, '__lt__': <slot wrapper '__lt__' of 'list' objects>, '__le__': <slot wrapper '__le__' of 'list' objects>, '__eq__': <slot wrapper '__eq__' of 'list' objects>, '__ne__': <slot wrapper '__ne__' of 'list' objects>, '__gt__': <slot wrapper '__gt__' of 'list' objects>, '__ge__': <slot wrapper '__ge__' of 'list' objects>, '__iter__': <slot wrapper '__iter__' of 'list' objects>, '__init__': <slot wrapper '__init__' of 'list' objects>, '__len__': <slot wrapper '__len__' of 'list' objects>, '__getitem__': <method '__getitem__' of 'list' objects>, '__setitem__': <slot wrapper '__setitem__' of 'list' objects>, '__delitem__': <slot wrapper '__delitem__' of 'list' objects>, '__add__': <slot wrapper '__add__' of 'list' objects>, '__mul__': <slot wrapper '__mul__' of 'list' objects>, '__rmul__': <slot wrapper '__rmul__' of 'list' objects>, '__contains__': <slot wrapper '__contains__' of 'list' objects>, '__iadd__': <slot wrapper '__iadd__' of 'list' objects>, '__imul__': <slot wrapper '__imul__' of 'list' objects>, '__new__': <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x000000005BBAF530>, '__reversed__': <method '__reversed__' of 'list' objects>, '__sizeof__': <method '__sizeof__' of 'list' objects>, 'clear': <method 'clear' of 'list' objects>, 'copy': <method 'copy' of 'list' objects>, 'append': <method 'append' of 'list' objects>, 'insert': <method 'insert' of 'list' objects>, 'extend': <method 'extend' of 'list' objects>, 'pop': <method 'pop' of 'list' objects>, 'remove': <method 'remove' of 'list' objects>, 'index': <method 'index' of 'list' objects>, 'count': <method 'count' of 'list' objects>, 'reverse': <method 'reverse' of 'list' objects>, 'sort': <method 'sort' of 'list' objects>, '__doc__': "list() -> new empty list\nlist(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items"})

1 >>> dir(list)
2 ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

help(list)
Help on class list in module builtins:

class list(object)
 | list() -> new empty list
 | list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
 |
 | Methods defined here:
 |
 | __add__(self, value, /)
 |  Return self+value.
 |
 | __contains__(self, key, /)
 |  Return key in self.
 |
 | __delitem__(self, key, /)
 |  Delete self[key].
 |
 | __eq__(self, value, /)
 |  Return self==value.
 |
 | __ge__(self, value, /)
 |  Return self>=value.
 |
 | __getattribute__(self, name, /)
 |  Return getattr(self, name).
 |
 | __getitem__(...)
 |  x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
 |
-- More --

>>> a=1
>>> dir(a)
['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__bool__', '__ceil__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floor__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__index__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__le__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'from_bytes', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real', 'to_bytes']
>>> help(a)
Help on int object:

class int(object)
 | int(x=0) -> integer
 | int(x, base=10) -> integer
 |
 | Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
 | are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point
 | numbers, this truncates towards zero.
 |
 | If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
 | bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
 | given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
 | by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
 | Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
 | >>> int('0b100', base=0)
 | 4
 |
 | Methods defined here:
 |
 | __abs__(self, /)
 |  abs(self)
 |
 | __add__(self, value, /)
 |  Return self+value.
 |
 | __and__(self, value, /)
 |  Return self&value.
 |
-- More --

>>> a =1
>>> a.__class__
<class 'int'>
>>> b = 1.0
>>> b.__class__
<class 'float'>
>>> c = ''
>>> c.__class__
<class 'str'>
>>> d = list()
>>> d.__class__
<class 'list'>
>>> e = tuple()
>>> e.__class__
<class 'tuple'>
>>> f = dict()
>>> f.__class__
<class 'dict'>
>>> list.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> dict.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> tuple.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> object.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> None.__class__
<class 'NoneType'>

>>> a = 1
>>> a.__class__
<class 'int'>
>>> int.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> str.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> bool.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> list.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> dict.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> tuple.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> type.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> object.__class__
<class 'type'>
>>> type.__bases__
(<class 'object'>,)
>>> int.__bases__
(<class 'object'>,)
>>> str.__bases__
(<class 'object'>,)
>>> bool.__bases__
(<class 'int'>,)
>>> float.__bases__
(<class 'object'>,)
>>> object.__bases__
()
>>>

>>> dir(type)
['__abstractmethods__', '__base__', '__bases__', '__basicsize__', '__call__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dictoffset__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__flags__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__instancecheck__', '__itemsize__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__mro__', '__name__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__prepare__', '__qualname__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasscheck__', '__subclasses__', '__subclasshook__', '__text_signature__', '__weakrefoffset__', 'mro']
>>> dir(object)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']

>>> id(True)
1538937056
>>> id(False)
1538937088
>>> id(False) - id(True)
32
>>> id(-5)
1539416992
>>> id(-6)
1667933956912
>>> id(-4)
1539417024
>>> id(-4)-id(-5)
32
>>> id(-3)-id(-4)
32
>>> id(-3)
1539417056
>>> id(-2)
1539417088
>>> id(-2) - id(-3)
32
>>> id(255)
1539425312
>>> id(256)
1539425344
>>> id(256) - id(255)
32
>>> id(257)
1667904611440
>>> id(1.0)
1667904643192

>>> a = 234
>>> globals()
{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, 'a': 234}
>>> def s():
...  a = 'hello'
...  print(locals())
...
>>> s()
{'a': 'hello'}
>>> def u():
...  a = 'world'
...  c = globals()['a']
...  print(c)
...
>>> u()
234

>>> def e():
...  a = 'sdf'
...  globals()['a'] = a
...
>>> e()
>>> a
'sdf'
>>>