Android控件ListView使用方法詳解

更新時間：2017年07月17日 15:27:50 作者：啊嗯哼

這篇文章主要為大家詳細介紹了Android控件ListView的使用方法，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

Android控件ListView使用方法介紹，具體如下

一、ListView的簡單用法

首先新建一個ListViewTest項目，并讓Android Studio自動創(chuàng)建好活動。然后修改activity_main.xml中的代碼，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent">

 <ListView
  android:id="@+id/list_view"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent">
 </ListView>
</LinearLayout>

接下來修改MainActivity中的代碼：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

 private String[] data={"Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango","Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

  ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
  ListView listview=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
  listview.setAdapter(adapter);
 }
}

數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)無法直接傳遞給ListView，需要借助適配器來實現(xiàn)。

ArrayAdapter的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中依次傳入當(dāng)前上下文，ListView子項布局的id，以及要適配的數(shù)據(jù)；

調(diào)用ListView的setAdapter()方法，將構(gòu)建好的適配器對象傳遞進去，這樣ListView和數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)就建立完成。

運行程序，可以通過滾動的方式來查看屏幕外的數(shù)據(jù)。

二、定制ListView的界面

首先準(zhǔn)備一組圖片，分別對應(yīng)上面提供的每一種水果（注意圖片大小盡量一致），放在drawable目錄下，注意命名不能出現(xiàn)大寫字母（比如Apple不合法）；

在com.example.administrator.listviewtest下新建.java文件，定義一個實體類Fruit，作為ListView適配器的適配類型。

public class Fruit{
 private String name;
 private int imageId;
 public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
  this.name=name;
  this.imageId=imageId;
 }
 public String getName(){
  return name;
 }
 public int getImageId(){
  return imageId;
 }
}

然后為ListView的子項指定一個自定義布局，在layout目錄下新建fruit_item.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content">

 <ImageView
  android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

 <TextView
  android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
  android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
  />
</LinearLayout>

接下來創(chuàng)建一個自定義的適配器，同樣在com.example.administrator.listviewtest下新建.java文件，重寫了父類的一組構(gòu)造函數(shù)，用于將上下文、ListView子項布局的id和數(shù)據(jù)都傳遞進來，命名為FruitAdapter，代碼如下：

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
 private int resourceId;
 public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
  super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
  resourceId=textViewResourceId;
 }
 @Override
 public View getView(int position,View convertView,ViewGroup parent){
  Fruit fruit=getItem(position);   //獲取當(dāng)前項的實例
  View view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
  ImageView fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
  TextView fruitName=(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
  fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
  fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
  return view;
 }
}

下面修改MainActivity中的代碼：

package com.example.administrator.listviewtest;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<>();

// private String[] data={"Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango","Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  initFruits();     //初始化水果數(shù)據(jù)
  FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);

//  ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);
  ListView listview = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
  listview.setAdapter(adapter);
 }

 private void initFruits(){
  for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
   Fruit apple=new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple);
   fruitList.add(apple);
   Fruit orange=new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange);
   fruitList.add(orange);
   Fruit banana=new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana);
   fruitList.add(banana);
   Fruit waterlenmo=new Fruit("Waterlemon",R.drawable.waterlemon);
   fruitList.add(waterlenmo);
   Fruit pear=new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear);
   fruitList.add(pear);
   Fruit grape=new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape);
   fruitList.add(grape);
   Fruit pineapple=new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple);
   fruitList.add(pineapple);
   Fruit strawberry=new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.straw);
   fruitList.add(strawberry);
   Fruit cherry=new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry);
   fruitList.add(cherry);
   Fruit mango=new Fruit("mango",R.drawable.mango);
   fruitList.add(mango);
  }
 }
}

運行程序后，效果圖如下（圖片大小后來才意識到，懶得換了……）：