詳解Spring MVC4 純注解配置教程

更新時(shí)間：2017年04月28日 14:28:14 作者：csonezp

本篇文章主要介紹了Spring MVC4 純注解配置教程，小編覺得挺不錯(cuò)的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

閱讀本文需要又一定的sping基礎(chǔ)，最起碼要成功的運(yùn)行過一個(gè)SpringMvc項(xiàng)目。

在傳統(tǒng)的Spring項(xiàng)目中，我們要寫一堆的XML文件。而這些XML文件格式要求又很嚴(yán)格，很不便于開發(fā)。而網(wǎng)上所謂的0配置，并不是純粹的0配置，還是要寫一些xml配置，只是用了幾個(gè)@Service，@Controller注解而已。

在這里，我講介紹一種新的配置方式，一行XML代碼都不需要，什么web.xml,Application-context.xml，Beans.xml。

首先建立一個(gè)Maven項(xiàng)目，Packageing方式為war，項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Maven WebApp結(jié)構(gòu)。

pom文件如下（很多依賴都沒用，懶得去掉了）：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.csonezp</groupId>
  <artifactId>springdemo</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>dataplatform Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <spring.version>4.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>asm</groupId>
      <artifactId>asm-commons</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>asm</groupId>
      <artifactId>asm</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Servlet API, JSTL -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.8.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.8.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.8</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.json</groupId>
      <artifactId>json</artifactId>
      <version>20090211</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>spy</groupId>
      <artifactId>spymemcached</artifactId>
      <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.6</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>dataplatform</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

這個(gè)時(shí)候，就該進(jìn)行Spring配置了。按傳統(tǒng)方式來的話，首先要去web.xml寫一堆配置，然后建立個(gè)管理beab的Beans.xml，管理spring mvc 的xml，再寫一坨一坨Bean。就是先進(jìn)一點(diǎn)的（也就是很多人說的0配置），也就是自己的業(yè)務(wù)Bean不用寫進(jìn)xml了，還是很麻煩。

而我這里講的方式，則是完全不修改任何web.xml代碼，不寫一行XML代碼的方式。

首先，在項(xiàng)目立建立一個(gè)Config.java文件：

/**
 * Created by zhangpeng on 16-3-22.
 * 取代Beans.xml，純注解配置各種BEAN
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.csonezp")
@EnableWebMvc
public class Config {
  /**
   * jsp視圖解析器的bean
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public UrlBasedViewResolver setupViewResolver() {
    UrlBasedViewResolver resolver = new UrlBasedViewResolver();
    resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/");
    resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
    resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
    return resolver;
  }

  /**
   * 配置數(shù)據(jù)源
   * @return
   */
  @Bean(name = "dataSource")
  public ComboPooledDataSource getDataSource() {
    try {

      ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
      dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mfdb");
      dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
      dataSource.setUser("root");
      dataSource.setPassword("zp1228");
      dataSource.setMaxPoolSize(75);
      return dataSource;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return null;
    }
  }
}

@Configuration注解就是告訴Spring這個(gè)是一個(gè)配置文件類，這里配置的Bean要交給Spring去管理。這個(gè)就是用來取代Beans.xml這種文件的。

@ComponentScan("com.csonezp")這個(gè)注解就是配置包掃描用的，不必多說了

@EnableWebMvc ，啟用Spring MVC支持

這里面配置了兩個(gè)Bean，第一個(gè)就是JSP的視圖解析器，第二個(gè)則是配置了一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源。這些都可以對(duì)應(yīng)到XML文件里面去的。找一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)Spring項(xiàng)目，用xml文件對(duì)比著我這個(gè)類去看，會(huì)對(duì)這種配置方式有更深的了解。

下面要建立一個(gè)WebInitializer類繼承WebApplicationInitializer，在這里添加一個(gè)servlet。這一步是用來取代在web.xml中添加servlet的步驟

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;

public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

  public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
     
    AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
    ctx.register(Config.class); 
    ctx.setServletContext(servletContext);  
    
    Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx));
    servlet.addMapping("/"); 
    servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); 
     
  } 

}

這樣就OK啦！讓我們寫一些代碼來測試一下吧！

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by zhangpeng on 16-3-22.
 */
@Service
public class HelloService {
  public String getHello(String name) {
    return name + ",Hello!";
  }
}

import com.guduo.dataplatform.service.HelloService;
import com.guduo.dataplatform.service.MovieService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * Created by zhangpeng on 16-3-22.
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {

  @Autowired
  HelloService helloService;
  @Autowired
  MovieService movieService;


  @RequestMapping("/hello")
  public String sayHello(@RequestParam("name") String name, ModelMap model) {
    model.put("hello", helloService.getHello(name));
    return "hello";
  }
}

一個(gè)service，一個(gè)controller。

啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，在瀏覽器中輸入地址http://localhost:8080/dp/test/hello?name=sss

頁面顯示sss,Hello!

完工！

額，忘了演示Confgig里配置的bean如何使用了。其實(shí)和XML里的一樣。這里拿一個(gè)DAO做演示吧，這里就注入了我們?cè)赾onfig里配置的那個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源

@Repository
public class MoviePlayIncDao {
  private DataSource dataSource;

  private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;

  @Autowired
  public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
    this.dataSource = dataSource;
    this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
  }

  public List<MoviePlayIncreament> getMoviePlayInc(int movieId) {
    try {
      String SQL = "select * from movieplayincreament where movieid=?";
      List<MoviePlayIncreament> list = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, new MoviePlayIncMapper(), new Object[]{movieId});
      return list;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return null;
    }
  }


}

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。